The Changing Terrain of Race and Ethnicity

Index

accumulation, unjust, 226 action, lack of, 50, 58 activism, political, 27–28, 88, 197, 229–30, 258–59 advantage, whites’ unjust, 208–9, 240–41, 256–57 AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children), 24 affirmative action, 86–87, 157 Africa, 231–32 African Americans. See blacks African Methodist Episcopal Church, 90 agency, 26, 194, 198–99, 245 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 24 Akaka, D., 131 Alaskan Natives, 128, 131, 132 Alexander, M., 61–62n4 Al-Khazraji, St. Francis College v., 128 Almaguer, T., 198 ambivalence, about race, 22 AMEA (Association of Multi-Ethnic Americans), 129, 130, 147 America in Black and White (Thernstrom and Thernstrom), 17 American colonies, 190, 195, 225 American Creed, 17, 191, 194 American Indians: census racial category , 131; citizenship of, 191, 192; Directive 15 racial category, 128; exploitation of, 210, 251, 255; interracial marriage, 169; multiracial identification, 138, 144, 145, 145; population statistics, 126, 135–36; within tri-racial stratification system, 150, 151 Americanism, 172n1, 195 Andersen, M., 244 Anti-Defamation League, 217 antiracist theory, 205, 232–33 apartheid, global, 232 apathy, about race, 44, 50–59 A Place for Us (APFU), 129 Argentines, 158, 159, 160, 162, 164 Asian Indians: citizenship, 228; educational attainment, 159, 161; as honorary whites, 150, 174n11; income, 158; occupational status, 163 Asians: census identification, 128, 131, 132, 141; citizenship, 193, 228; college degree attainment, 77; discrimination against, 175n18; educational attainment, 158, 159, 161; high school graduation rates, 77; income, INDEX  Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables. 158; interracial marriage, 169; Latinos’ attitudes toward, 166; multiracial identification, 135–36, 144, 145; native vs. foreign-born distinction , 164; occupational status, 159, 163, 174n14; pan-ethnicity of, 91, 94, 164; population (1960), 126; racial attitudes, 166–67; religious institutions and affiliations, 91, 94; segregation patterns, 69, 72–73, 170; within tri-racial stratification system, 150. See also specific group assimilation theories, 194, 203–4 Association of Multi-Ethnic Americans (AMEA), 129, 130, 147 attitudes, about race, 2, 3, 55–58, 165–68, 171. See also prejudice aversive racism, 45 Baldwin, J., 52 banking industry, 71 Bar-Tal, D., 51 Bernal, M., 255 Bertrand, M., 84 birth cohort analysis, of multiracial identification, 143–44 Black Identities (Waters), 31 The Black Image in the White Mind (Entman and Rojecki), 22 black nationalism, 227 blackness, 228 Black Power (Ture and Hamilton), 207 Black Reconstruction in America (DuBois), 244 blacks: agency of, 26, 194, 198–99, 245; Asians’ attitudes toward, 166–67; on biggest community problem , 14–15; census (2000) identification , 131, 132; citizenship of, 191–92; collective memory of, 217; college degree attainment, 77; earning trends, 83; educational attainment , 159, 160; equality dilemma, 194; equality likelihood views, 33; exploitation and oppression of, 206–8, 210, 212–14, 215, 218, 252–53; felon disfranchisement, 102; high school graduation rates, 77; housing discrimination, 215; incarceration rates, 96, 99; income, 158; interracial relationships, 21–22, 169; and Latinos, 165, 166, 168; multiracial identification, 135–36, 138, 144, 145; occupations, 81–82, 162; political participation, 197; public school population, 75; racial attitudes, 171; slavery, 206, 207, 208, 210, 212–13, 213, 232, 252; social trait survey, 18–20; within tri-racial stratification system, 151; unjust impoverishment of, 208–9; voting rights, 192; in white-collar jobs, 80 Black Wealth/White Wealth (Oliver and Shapiro), 254 black-white divide, 31, 171 blanqueamiento, 154 blue-collar jobs, 81 Blumer, H., 27 Board of Education, Brown v., 74, 124 Bobo, L., 166, 168 Bolivians: educational attainment, 159, 160; income, 158; living in U.S. vs. Bolivia, 174n12; occupational status, 162; racial identification, 164 Bollinger, Grutter v., 157 Bonilla-Silva, E., 156, 217 Borjas, G., 85 Boxill, B., 235 Brazil, 149, 152, 174n9 Breaking Down Walls (Washington and Kehrein), 89 Brewer, M., 49 Brown, E., 197 Brown v. Board of Education, 74, 124 Bureau of Justice Statistics, 96, 101 California, 24 Cambodians, 158, 159, 161, 163 capitalism: Marxist critique of, 194, 208, 219, 242, 247; nonracial possibility , 250–51 Carmichael, S., 207 Carmines, E., 16–17 Carter administration, 125, 128 264 INDEX Catholicism, 87–88, 91–92, 94 Census, U.S.: (1970), 126–27; (1980), 128; (1990), 128–29; (2000), 130, 131, 132–45, 155; counting of prisoners , 102; Hispanic category, 228–29; Spanish-origin question, 134 Chambers, S., 174 Chan, S., 174n14 Charles, C., 30, 37n8, 69, 73, 170 Charlotte Mecklenburg County, Swann...