Working Under Different Rules

Title Page, Copyright Page

WORKING UNDER DIFFERENT RULES WORkiNG uNdER DiFfERENT RulEs Edited by Richard B. Freeman A National Bureau of Economic Research Project Report RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION • NEW YORK The Russell Sage Foundation The Russell Sage Foundation, one ofthe oldest of America's general purpose foundations, was established in 1907 by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage for "the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States." The Foundation seeks to fulfill this mandate by fostering the development and dissemination of knowledge about the country's political, social, and economic problems. While the Foundation endeavors to assure the accuracy and objectivity of each book it publishes, the conclusions and interpretations in Russell Sage Foundation publications are those of the authors and not of the Foundation, its Trustees, or its staff. Publication by Russell Sage, therefore, does not imply Foundation endorsement. Anne Pitts Carter Joel E. Cohen Peggy C. Davis Phoebe C. Ellsworth Ira Katznelson BOARD OF TRUSTEES William Julius Wilson, Chair Ellen Lagemann James G. March Howard Raiffa JohnS. Reed Neil J. Smelser Harold Tanner Marta Tienda Eric Wanner Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Working under different rules / edited by Richard B. Freeman. p. cm. ISBN 10: 0-87154-276-5 : - ISBN 10: 0-87154-277-3 (pbk.) : ISBN 13: 978-0-87154-276-2 : - ISBN 13: 978-0-87154-277- 9 (pbk.) : 1. Labor-United States-Congresses. 2. Labor-Congresses. I. Freeman, Richard B. (Richard Barry), 1943-. HD8057.W64 1993 331'.0973-dc30 93-23604 elP Copyright © 1994 by Russell Sage Foundation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.481992 . RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 112 East 64th Street, New York, New York 10021 1098765 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH Officers George T. Conklin, Jr., chairman Paul W. McCracken, vice-chairman Martin Feldstein, president and chiefexecutive officer Geoffrey Carliner, executive director Charles A. Walworth, treasurer Sam Parker, director offinance and administration Directors at Large Elizabeth E. Bailey John H. Biggs Andrew Brimmer Carl F. Christ George T. Conklin, Jr. Don R. Conlan Kathleen B. Cooper Jean A. Crockett George C. Eads Martin Feldstein George Hatsopoulos Lawrence R. Klein Franklin A. Lindsay PaulW.McCracken Leo Melamed Michael H. Moskow Robert T. Parry Peter G. Peterson Robert V. Roosa Richard N. Rosett Bert Seidman Eli Shapiro Donald S. Wasserman Marina v. N. Whitman James L. Pierce, California, Berkeley Andrew Postlewaite, Pennsylvania Nathan Rosenberg, Stanford Harold T. Shapiro, Princeton Craig Swan, Minnesota Michael Yoshino, Harvard Arnold Zellner, Chicago Directors by University Appointment Jagdish Bhagwati, Columbia William C. Brainard, Yale Glen G. Cain, Wisconsin Franklin Fisher,Massachusetts Institute of Technology Saul H. Hymans, Michigan Marjorie B. McElroy, Duke Joel Mokyr, Northwestern Directors by Appointment of Other Organizations Marcel Boyer, Canadian Economics Association Rueben C. Buse, American Agricultural Economics Association Richard A. Easterlin, Economic History Association Gail D. Fosler, The Conference Board A. Ronald Gallant, American Statistical Association Robert S. Hamada, American Finance Association Directors Emeriti Charles Lave, American Economic Association Rudolph A. Oswald, American Federation of Labor and Congress ofIndustrial Organizations Dean P. Phypers, Committee for Economic Development James F. Smith, National Association of Business Economists Charles A. Walworth, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Moses Abramovitz Emilio G. Collado Thomas D. Flynn Gottfried Haberler Geoffrey H. Moore James J. O'Leary George B. Roberts William S. Vickrey vi WORKING UNDER DIFFERENT RULES Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research 1. The object of the National Bureau of Economic Research is to ascertain and to present to the public important economic facts and their interpretation in a scientific and impartial manner. The Board of Directors is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the work of the National Bureau is carried on in strict conformity with this object. 2. The President of the National Bureau shall submit to the Board of Directors, or to its Executive Committee, for their formal adoption all specific proposals for research to be instituted. 3. No research report shall be published by the...