Barriers to Reentry?: The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America

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The Russell Sage Foundation The Russell Sage Foundation, one of the oldest of America’s general purpose foundations, was established in 1907 by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage for “the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States.” The Foundation seeks to fulfill this mandate by fostering the development and dissemination of knowledge about the country’s political, social, and economic problems. While the Foundation endeavors to assure the accuracy and objectivity of each book it publishes, the conclusions and interpretations in Russell Sage Foundation publications are those of the authors and not of the Foundation, its Trustees , or its staff. Publication by Russell Sage, therefore, does not imply Foundation endorsement. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Thomas D. Cook, Chair Kenneth D. Brody Jennifer L. Hochschild Cora B. Marrett Robert E. Denham Kathleen Hall Jamieson Richard H. Thaler Christopher Edley Jr. Melvin J. Konner Eric Wanner John A. Ferejohn Alan B. Krueger Mary C. Waters Larry V. Hedges Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data America / edited by Shawn Bushway, Michael A. Stoll, David F. Weiman. p. cm. “This volume grows out of the joint Russell Sage and Rockefeller Foundations research program on the Future of Work”—P. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-87154-087-4 1. Ex-convicts—Employment—United States. 2. Criminals— Rehabilitation—United States. 3. Labor market—United States. 4. Social integration—United States. I. Bushway, Shawn. II. Stoll, Michael A. III. Weiman, David F. IV. Title: Labor market for released prisoners in postindustrial America. HV9304.B357 2007 331.5′10973—dc22 2006102837 Copyright © 2007 by Russell Sage Foundation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic , mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Reproduction by the United States Government in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. Text design by Suzanne Nichols. RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 112 East 64th Street, New York, New York 10021 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Barriers to reentry? : the labor market for released prisoners in post-industrial ...