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Index
- Russell Sage Foundation
- Chapter
- Additional Information
A Acheson, Dean, 29, 139,211; settlement plan, 195-196 Ackley, Gardner, 13 action dispensability, 24 actor dispensability, 24 Adams, Sherman, 67, 68n, 77, 77n, 82n advisers, presidential: 201, 202, 204, 220, 221; commitment of ground forces, 195; disagreements among, 284-285, 288; discussions with, 204, 206, 232-234, 258; Eisenhower, 14,56-59, 63,102,257-261,297; exclusion of foreign policy, 237; foreign policy, 28, 100,126, 135, 197,210,217; interaction between presidents and, 144, 145,256,272,273,275,293-294; introduction of more, 125; Johnson, 295, 298; Johnson senior, 122-123; operating styles of, 136; properties of, 5,275,300; recommendations, 289; role of, 138, 257; ways of dealing with, 265. See also advisory groups, aides advisory committees for Indochina crisis, 30-31 advisory content, 22, 59 advisory dynamics, 21-22, 258, 259, 283 advisory groups, 54, 101; comparison of core, 257-261; disagreements within, 284; foreign policy, 101-102; Johnson's, 136, 226; recommendations, 101,237 advisory process, 53, 62, 235, 238, 259, 294 Index advisory structure, 21, 258, 259 advisory systems, 5-7,18,59,292-295, 299; classification of, 21, 274, 275; collegial, 6, 274, 275; comparison of, 10,256-261,275; competitive, 274, 275; differences in, 13, 15, 17-18; formalistic, 6, 274; interaction of presidents and, 266, 274, 275; linking of president, political environment and, 271-273; problem of, 141; role of, 21-22,53-60,100-103,134-143, 174-187, 232-238, 256-261; types of, 6, 274; typology, 274-275. See also formal presidential advisory arrangements, informal presidential advisory arrangments advisory task forces, 53 Afghanistan, 86 aides: antagonism among, 275; Eisenhower, 62, 288; Johnson, 141n, 236,239,281, 284-286; Johnson's relation with, 145; loyalty to, 266; meetings, 14,257; role in policy making, 5 Aiken, George, 229 air action, increase of, 205 air attacks, 126, 151, 236; on Ho Chi Minh Trail, 158; two-phase, 273 Airborne Brigade, 173rd, 163, 164, 178,210 aircraft. See planes Air Force (U.S.), 78, 175 air forces (U.S.), 90, 269 air mobile division, 202, 208 air power: authorization for use of, 49-50,51; possible use of U.S., 33, 39, 313 314 HOW PRESIDENTS TEST REALITY air power (continued) 70; use of, 83, 86, 119, 171,298 air raids, 126, 158 air strikes, 24, 79, 159, 191n, 239, 260-261; continuing, 157-158; covert, 100; effect of, 86, 226; French request for, 43-44, 78; intervention in form of, 100,287; Johnson administration program of, 128; nightmares about, 245; opposition to, 197, 273; option, 60; possible, 45, 47, 49; preemptive, 197. See also Dien Bien Phu, North Vietnam air strikes, retaliatory, 25, 123, 151, 273; August 4, 1964, 120-121; authorization for, 133, 134; public response to after Pleiku, 192; recommendation for, 131; in response to Pleiku bombing, 150; in response to Qui Nhon attack, 154-155 air war: expansion of, 151-158, 172; Phase I, 151, 154; Phase II, 151-155 Allen, Vernon L., 282n alliances, 108 allies, 70-71, 73, 82, 85, 88; negotiations with,101 Alsop, Joseph, 114, 114n, 170, 170n, 192 Alsop, Stewart, 114, 114n alternatives: at end of summer 1965, 204; policy, 234-235, 261; presented by McGeorge Bundy, 127, 179-180,235; presented by McNamara, 224, 235; presented by Mansfield, 199; presented by Planning Board, 70; search for, 41, 69; suggested by Johnson, 220-221, 227-228. See also options Ambrose, Stephen E., 19, 20n American Military Command, 130 American Society of Newspaper Editors, 76 Anderson, Clinton, 74 Anderson, George W., Jr., 44n, 73 Anderson, Patrick, 15n, 141n, 239n Anderson, Robert, 244n antiwar protests, 240, 250 appropriations, 228, 238; supplemental, 217,249 Appropriations Committee, 39 area plan, 37, 59, 292; call for, 42, 100 armed forces: Australian, 67; Chinese Communist, 69; French, 30, 78, 90; indigenous, 39, 70; Korean, 198n; nonCommunist in Vietnam, 269 armed forces (U.S.), in Vietnam, 46, 85, 107, 267, 290; attacks on, 120; combat, 38, 175; commitment of, 2, 52, 67,77,210,224,240,242,246,260; deployment of, 178, 193, 196, 271; employment in case of French withdrawal, 76; introduction of, 129, 159; introduction of, to aid French, 32-34; involvement with, 147; on mainland, 30; morale of, 197; noncombat, 162; non-Communist, 121; number of, for retaliation, 131; request for, 216; role, 200, 233; transfer of, 78; unconventional strategy, 124; use in combat of, 25, 178, 195. See also combat forces, ground troops, openended troop commitment, troop buildup , troop increase, troop level...