America's Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity

Index

297 Index Numbers in boldface refer to figures and tables. AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children), 76–78, 82, 87, 88, 89, 92 African Americans: black-white assimilation model, 101–4, 231–32, 235; and construction of racial categories , 18–21, 232–35; economic effects of immigration, 201, 212– 15, 222–23, 224; educational levels, 131, 138–40, 212; immigration effects on diversity, 226–38, 248–49; intermarriage, 191–95, 238–40, 239; in labor market, 115, 116–17, 131, 138–40; labor-market effects of immigration, 201, 212–15, 222– 23, 224; multiracial identification, 240–48; residential segregation, 214–15; self-identification of, 20– 21, 230, 240–424; straight-line assimilation , 104–5. See also blacks age: in black-white assimilation model, 101–4; elderly persons, welfare for immigrants vs. nativeborns , 74–78, 92; of Mexican migrants , and cultural impact on U.S., 65; reasons for immigration, 201, 202; welfare for immigrants vs. native-borns, 74–78, 92 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 76–78, 82, 87, 88, 89, 92 Alba, Richard, 94, 97 American Indians, 20–21, 246 amnesty provisions of IRCA, 55–56 Asian origins: contribution to U.S. population growth, 230; education, earnings and generational differences , 130–40, 134–35, 136–37, 256–57; English-language fluency, 167, 168; entrepreneurship, 128; family-based immigrant admissions , 19, 21; historical perspective , 19–21, 23, 35; intermarriage rates among, 178–79, 185–95, 187, 188, 190, 238–40, 239, 246; labor market and earnings studies, 116– 21, 118–19; multiracial identification , 243, 246–49; native-born determination of ethnic/racial group’s boundaries, 234; of nonimmigrant entrants, 25, 26; in recent flows, 25, 106, 235, 236; selective assimilation, 107, 108, 109, 110; self-identification of, 20– 21, 230, 240–42 assimilation model of incorporation: and intermarriage, 175–77; and language, 146–48; new immigrants , 94–101, 96–97, 104–11 asylees and asylum seekers as immigrants , 17, 20, 21–23, 201 Bach, Robert, 98 Bailey, Stanley, 28 Bailey, Thomas, 31 Barth, Frederik, 209 298 Index Beyond the Melting Pot (Glazer and Moynihan), 98 Bilingual Education Act (1968 and 1994), 145 bilingualism, 168, 169. See also linguistic incorporation bipolar/biracial society, 19–20, 229– 30, 233, 234, 245, 259 birthright citizens, and welfare, 68– 68, 87 Black Identities (Waters), 235 blacks: immigration of Caribbean and African, 230; multiracial identification , 243, 245–48. See also African Americans black-white assimilation model, 101– 4, 231–32, 235 Blau, Peter, 209 Border Patrol, 24, 25, 28, 174 Borjas, George, 38–39, 78, 81, 83, 91, 216 Bracero Program (1942–1964), 24, 34, 35, 47, 54–55 Bretton Woods, 34 Burgess, Ernest, 209 Bush, George W., 2 business cycle and immigration, 6–8 business-related entry, 25–26, 201, 220–21 California, 56–57, 58–57, 169, 205–6, 207, 230 Canadian origins, 18–19, 21, 49, 106, 185–91, 187, 188, 190 capitalism, dependency critique of, 31–32 Caribbean origins, 23, 25, 26, 106, 169, 235 Carliner, Geoffrey, 158 Carter, Jimmy, 60 cash assistance. See welfare receipt by immigrants Census Bureau. See U.S. Bureau of the Census Central American migrants. See Latin American (Hispanic) origins Child, Irving, 97 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), 228 Chiswick, Barry R., 166 cities and urban areas: core, and dependency critique of capitalism, 32; immigrant population in high/ low immigrant, 199, 200; spatial mismatch hypothesis, 210–11 citizens. See native-borns civil rights movement, 228–29 Clinton administration and Mexico, 43–44 Cohn, Samuel, 214 colonialism and capitalist expansion, 32 color lines, race and ethnicity in U.S., 233, 235–38, 249 complementarity and labor-market effects of immigration, 209–10, 212 construction of race and ethnicity, 18–21, 232–35 costs of migration, 28, 203–6 CPS. See Current Population Survey (CPS) Cuban Refugee Act (1966), 18 cultural assimilation, 97, 104, 107, 245 Current Population Survey (CPS): declines in caseloads and welfare reform, 89–90; earrings by length of residence, 126; education and generational differences, 131; intermarriage and race, 193; labor market and earnings studies, 116, 118–19; national origin of immigrants , 72; population receiving welfare, 79 Davis, David Brion, 227 The Declining Significance of Race (Wilson), 236 “Democracy Versus the Melting Pot” (Kallen), 145 demographic context, 35–40, 179–81, 205 Dı́az, Porfirio, 45 Index 299 discrimination: African Americans vs. newest immigrants, 234–35; black-white assimilation model, 101–4, 231–32, 235; labor market studies of African Americans, 115...