Public Policy and the Income Distribution

Index

Index Boldface numbers refer to figures and tables. Adelman, Sarah, 49 AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children African Americans: employment rates for males, 319–20, 322–27, 332–34, 345–52; housing programs, take-up of, 100; incarceration of (see incarceration ); public health expenditures , benefits from, 361, 390–91 (see also public health); socioeconomic prospects of males, 319–20, 352–53; statistical discrimination against males, 344–46; undercounting of noninstitutionalized males in the census, 325–26. See also race age: of children, impact of welfare reform and, 50–55; distribution of the United States population by, 8–9; employment and institutionalization status for men by race and, 322, 324, 327; poverty rates of the elderly over time and, 269–70; risk of incarceration and, 329–31 Agriculture, United States Department of (USDA), WIC program, take-up of, 105–6, 111 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC): caseloads, changes in, 42–43, 149; determinants of cross-state differences in, 365; outof -wedlock births and, 68; take-up of, 97–98, 109, 118; welfare reform and, 34–39, 60–61, 71 Aizer, Anna, 84, 89–91, 117 Akerlof, George, 81 Almond, Douglas., 293 Anderson, Patricia M., 123–24 Andreano, Ralph, 117 Atkinson, Anthony B., 209n11, 223–24, 226 Autor, David H., 121 Baicker, Katherine, 309n7 Baker, Laurence, 116 Baker, Michael, 113 Balanced Budget Act of 1997, 310n12 Barton, D. M., 100 behavioral economics, 85 Belgium, 157 Benítez-Silva, Hugo, 94, 112, 121–22 Benjamin, Dwayne, 113 Bernstein, Jared, 73n9 Bertrand, Marianne, 84, 252 Besley, Timothy, 81 birth rates, public assistance programs and, 68–70 Bitler, Marianne, 105, 111 Blackorby, Charles, 81 Blair, Tony, 202 Blank, Rebecca M.: AFDC, take-up rates of, 97–98, 109; earnings disregards , variation among the states, 37; food stamps, take-up of, 103, 109; household composition, effect of welfare reform on, 69; unemployment insurance, take-up of, 122; welfare reform, analysis of, 14–16, 57–58 Blau, Francine, 113 block grants, as part of welfare reform, 34–35 Bloom, Dan, 65 Blundell, Richard, 133 Borjas, George, 84, 113, 367 Bound, John, 93, 111, 121–22 Brauner, Sarah, 118 Brewer, Michael, 128–29, 133 Brien, Michael J., 105, 111 Britain. See United Kingdom Brock, William, 84 Brown, Charles, 335 Brown, Robert L., 210n15 Bruce, Neil, 81 Buchinsky, Moshe, 94, 112, 121–22 Buchmueller, Thomas C., 91 Burghardt, J., 104 Burkhauser, Richard, 91, 93–94 Burtless, Gary, 83 Bushway, Shawn, 354 Cain, Louis B., 361 California state prison system: median time served in, 338–42; using data from, 329–31, 337–38 Canada: corporate status, tax policy regarding, 232; cross-national comparisons of poverty and inequality, inclusion in, 157 (see also crossnational comparisons of poverty and inequality); decline in top income shares during the first half of the twentieth century, 241; incarceration rate compared to that of the United States, 354n1; income and wealth, time series showing changes in concentrations of, 224–26; income tax, structure of, 226–27; take-up of social bene- fits in, 137n4; top-income shares, increase in during the second half of the twentieth century, 245–51; top-income shares, pattern revealed by time-series studies, 235–37; top-income shares and tax policy, relationship of, 251 Card, David, 87, 90, 122–23, 126 Chandra, Amitabh, 309n7, 335–36 Chapin, Charles V., 394n7 400 Index charity, crowding out of private contributions by public expenditures, 367–68, 394n4 Chatterji, Pinka, 105, 111 Chen, Alex Y., 309n2, 311n24 Child Benefit (United Kingdom), 127, 129 child care: subsidy programs, take-up of, 106–7; welfare reform and, 38, 48–49 Child Care and Development Fund, 38, 106 Child-Care Subsidy Program, 106 children: ages of and the impact of welfare reform, 50–55; death rate of and public health expenditures, 369–78, 380–81, 388–89, 392–93; health insurance programs for, 39, 86–87, 91, 136; inequality of income and, in the United Kingdom , 201–2; inequality of income and, in the United States compared to other countries, 199–200; Medicaid coverage for, take-up of, 90–91; poverty rates and: antipoverty policies, 172–76; poverty rates and: international comparisons, 161–63 (see also crossnational comparisons of poverty and inequality); poverty rates and: parents’ education level/work effort, 176–87; welfare reform work programs, impact on, 62 Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), 39. See also State Children’s Health Insurance Program cities. See urban areas Clark, Tom, 128, 133 Clinton, Bill, 33 Coady, David, 137n4 Coate, Stephen, 81 Coe...