Skull in the Ashes: Murder, a Gold Rush Manhunt, and the Birth of Circumstantial Evidence in America

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

Sku ll in the Ashes SKULL •—  —  —  —IN THE—  —  —  —• ASHES murder, a gold rush manhunt, and the birth of circumstantial evidence in america    peter k aufman University of Iowa Press Iowa City University of Iowa Press, Iowa City 52242 Copyright © 2013 by the University of Iowa Press www.uiowapress.org Printed in the United States of America Design by April Leidig No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. All reasonable steps have been taken to contact copyright holders of material used in this book. The publisher would be pleased to make suitable arrangements with any whom it has not been possible to reach. The University of Iowa Press is a member of Green Press Initiative and is committed to preserving natural resources. Printed on acid-­ free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kaufman, Peter. Skull in the ashes: murder, a gold rush manhunt, and the birth of circumstantial evidence in America/Peter Kaufman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn: 978-1-60938-188-2, 1-60938-188-2 (pbk.) isbn: 978-1-60938-213-1, 1-60938-213-7 (e-book) 1. Homicide investigation—Iowa—Walford. 2. Trials (Murder)— Iowa—Walford. 3. Evidence, Circumstantial—Iowa—Walford. 4. Novak, Frank—Trials, litigation, etc. I. Title. hv8079.h6k38 2013 364.152'3—dc23 2013010115 for dan, peg, and anna ...