James Weldon Johnson's Modern Soundscapes

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James Weldon Johnson’s modern soundscapes James Weldon Johnson’s modern soundscapes Noelle Morrissette University of Iowa Press Iowa City University of Iowa Press, Iowa City 52242 Copyright © 2013 by the University of Iowa Press www.uiowapress.org Printed in the United States of America Design by Richard Hendel No part of this book may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. All reasonable steps have been taken to contact copyright holders of material used in this book. The publisher would be pleased to make suitable arrangements with any whom it has not been possible to reach. The University of Iowa Press is a member of Green Press Initiative and is committed to preserving natural resources. Printed on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Morrissette, Noelle. James Weldon Johnson’s Modern Soundscapes / by Noelle Morrissette. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBNs 978-1-60938-158-5 and 1-60938-158-0 (pbk.) ISBNs 978-1-60938-159-2 and 1-60938-159-9 (e-book) 1. Johnson, James Weldon, 1871–1938—Criticism and interpretation. 2. Music in literature. 3. Harlem (New York, N.Y.)—Intellectual life—20th century. I. Title. PS3519.O2625Z79 2013 818′.5209—dc23 2012041272 For Robert Burns Stepto and Dorothy Franklin You sang far better than you knew; the songs That for your listeners’ hungry hearts sufficed Still live—but more than this to you belongs. — JameS WeldON JOhNSON, “O Black and Unknown Bards” (1908) ...