Walt Whitman's Reconstruction: Poetry and Publishing between Memory and History

Notes

151 Notes 1. WalT WhiTman’s reconsTrUcTion 1. Allan Nevins, The Organized War to Victory (New York: Konecky and Konecky , 1971), 366. 2. Ibid., 365. 3. For a concise description of the complex Reconstruction era, see Eric Foner and Olivia Mahoney, America’s Reconstruction: People and Politics after the Civil War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997). This work includes numerous images and photographs that help to portray many of the important figures and events of the period. 4. Ibid., 134. 5. The commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the outbreak of the Civil War has brought the ongoing challenges of reconstruction into stark relief, with a “secession ball” in South Carolina and events across the nation highlighting the ways in which the war continues to be a source of tension and conflict more than a century later. 6. Luke Mancuso, The Strange Sad War Revolving: Walt Whitman, Reconstruc‑ tion, and the Emergence of Black Citizenship, 1865–1876 (Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1997). Hereafter cited parenthetically. 7. W. Wynn Thomas, The Lunar Light of Whitman’s Poetry (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), 217. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 8. Passages from the 1855 Leaves of Grass are taken from The Walt Whit‑ man Archive, edited by Ed Folsom and Ken Price, . Hereafter cited parenthetically as Leaves, 1855, whitmanarchive.org. 9. Frank Luther Mott, A History of American Magazines, 5 vols. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1938), 3:5. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 10. Amanda Gailey, “The Publishing History of Leaves of Grass,” in A Compan‑ ion to Walt Whitman, ed. Donald D. Kummings (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), 424. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 11. Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass, Comprehensive Reader’s Edition, edited by Harold W. Blodgett and Sculley Bradley (NewYork: NewYork University Press, 1965), 163. Hereafter LG. Notes to Pages 6–20 152 12. Walt Whitman, Prose Works 1892, ed. Floyd Stovall, 2 vols. (New York: New York University Press, 1963–1964), 1:115. Hereafter PW. 13. Thomas likewise notes, “In his own body Whitman bears the lurid stigmata of that war’s sacrifice, as in his mind he has borne the burden of his memory ” (Lunar Light, 231). 14. He appears to have considered this project quite seriously. The Harned Collection in the Library of Congress contains several items, including sample lines, a cast of characters, and some preliminary research on the Crusades. Thomas Biggs Harned Collection of the Papers of Walt Whitman, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 15. Reel 4, Harned Collection, LOC. 16. Ibid. 17. Thomas F. Haddox, “Whitman’s End of History: ‘As I Sat Alone by Blue Ontario’s Shore,’ Democratic Vistas, and the Postbellum Politics of Nostalgia,” Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 22 (Summer 2004), 4. 2. Periodicals, PoliTics, and The neW PaPer World 1. Alice Fahs, The Imagined Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861–1865 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 42–43. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 2. Until fairly recently, it has not been easy to read Whitman’s original periodical publications. Now, however, the online Whitman archive () has presented nearly all of the known periodical publications , including images of the pages on which they appear. 3. Charles G. Steffen, “Newspapers for Free: The Economies of Newspaper Circulation in the Early Republic,” Journal of the Early Republic, 23, no. 3 (Autumn 2003): 381–419. 4. Reel 3, Harned Collection, LOC. 5. Ibid. 6. Ted Genoways, “Civil War Poems in ‘Drum-Taps’ and ‘Memories of President Lincoln,’” in A Companion to Walt Whitman, ed. Donald D. Kummings (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2006), 526–27. 7. David C. Smith, History of Papermaking in the United States (New York: Lockwood, 1970), 64. Hereafter cited parenthetically. 8. Dard Hunter, Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft (New York: Dover, 1978), 382. 9. Quoted in Ann Zwinger and Edwin Way Teale, A Conscious Stillness: Two Notes to Pages 20–30 153 Naturalists on Thoreau’s Rivers (New York: Harper and Row, 1982), 178–79. I am grateful to Wayne Franklin for making me aware of this anecdote. 10. As Smith notes, “The Civil War, with its great drain on paper and men, was the catalytic agent in discovering these new fibres” (130). 11. Philip Gaskell, New Introduction to Bibliography (NewYork: Oxford University Press, 1972), 206. 12. Ibid., 67. 13. Ibid., 114. 14. Quoted in Joel Myerson, Walt Whitman: A Descriptive Bibliography (Pittsburgh : University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993), 25...