Index
n 299 Index A Ascher Detective Agency, 16, 152–153, 154, 155 B Beck, August, 17–18, 42, 101, 148 Berger, Victor, 41, 70 Bisbee Deportation, 227 Bloor, Ella Reeve “Mother,” 3, 124 C Calumet, Michigan: home of Cigar Maker’s International union local, 29–32; site of class struggle, 45, 47, 48, 50, 60–62, 70–71, 233; ethnicity in, 52–58; funerals for Italian Hall dead in, 195–196; as geographic area, 114–116, 124, 126, 127, 181, 201, 277 (n. 44); Industrial Workers of the World in, 76, 78–79; Italian Hall in, 1–4, 11, 174–180, 187, 188, 190– 192, 222, 228, 235, 249 (n. 60); labor spy in, 197–198, 206–216; Michigan National Guard in, 132, 139–140; paternalism in, 7–8; politics of, 236–237; poverty in, 84–85; during 1905 Streetcar Strike, 38–39; during strike, 144, 162, 165; site of coming strike conflict, 100–103; unions in, 28–32; home of Western Federation of Miner’s Ladies Auxiliary, 37, 119; site of working-class Italian immigrant activity, 64, 68 Calumet & Hecla Mining Company: 300 n Index use of labor spies by, 27, 101, 154–155, 193, 198, 204–219, 232; labor’s view of, 9, 21, 23, 54, 60, 99–100, 136; management’s early position toward unions in, 40–43, 119, 173–179, 223, 242; use of scabs by, 17–18, 144–149; strikes against, 69, 87–88, 101, 102–104, 113–114, 122–123, 127, 129, 136–144, 151, 158, 173, 204, 228; worker injuries at, 60–61 Cannon, Joseph, 9–10, 79, 116–117 Citizens’ Alliance, 112, 237, 239; role of, in December intimidation and violence, 135, 137, 150, 157–164, 175–176, 177–178, 227, 242; role of, in Italian Hall tragedy, 61, 171–173, 180, 183, 188–189, 193–194, 200–201, 203, 204, 206, 216, 219, 274–275 (n. 59); role of, in Moyer deportation, 222–225 Clemenc, Ana, 37, 54, 120, 188, 205 Copper Range Mining Company, 42, 62, 83, 84, 98, 115, 143, 145, 151 Coroner’s Inquest, Italian Hall tragedy, 186, 190, 191–194, 200, 203, 208, 209, 210, 212, 274 (n. 51) Cruse, James A., 132, 149, 151, 153–154, 161, 178, 179, 223–225 D Darrow, Clarence, 3, 124, 129, 138 Debs, Eugene V., 51, 71–74 December campaign of intimidation and violence, 3, 158–165, 181, 193, 204, 242 Dunnigan “Clan,” 15, 69, 118–119, 217 E ethnic organizations: Croatian, 52–58, 65, 162, 257 (n. 70); German, 55–56, 70, 256 (n. 62); Hungarian, 56; Irish, 56; Italian, 51, 56–58, 64, 65, 70; Polish, 56; South Slav Socialist Federation, 52; Swedish, 56 F Fazekas, Margaret, 13, 105, 153, 155–156, 167, 193 Ferris, Woodbridge N., 18–20, 129, 138–139, 149, 157, 194, 224–225, 231 Finnish Anti-socialist League, 229–230 Finnish socialists: opposes American Federation of Labor, 110; interethnic solidarity among, 64–65, 97, 113; and ethnic organizations, 45–53, 57–59, 70–71, 123–127, 222, 227, 233–236; and Finnish Socialist Federation (FSF), 13, 50, 53, 114, 227, 266 (n. 21); and Jousi Seura, 50, 114; as publishers, 20–21, 100 Foster’s Industrial and Detective Bureau, 179, 198, 205 G Giever family, 211–216, 219 Goggin, Ben, 116–117, 150 Guthrie, Woody, 2–3, 8 H Hancock, Michigan: as home of German and Irish fraternal societies, 55–57; site of Moyer deportation, 222–223, 226; site of radical activity, 70, 95, 96–97, 143, 194, 232, 237; site of Red Flag parade, 45–46, 127–128; as home to socialist Index n 301 Finns, 1,13, 21, 50–51, 59, 157, 162, 222; unions in, 28–33, 36–38; home of Wage Slave newspaper, 71–74; site of WFM store, 130 Haywood, William, 14, 74–76, 109 Hietala, Charles E., 46, 63, 68, 113, 114, 221, 229, 233, 234 Houghton, Michigan, 8, 28, 30, 33, 34, 36, 39, 46, 51, 68, 86, 161, 177, 212, 217, 233; site of Moyer deportation, 222–225 Houghton-Hancock Trades and Labor Council, 28, 30, 250 (n. 12) Huhta, John, 160–161 I Industrial Workers of the World (IWW): ethnic-language newspapers associated with, 52; as an organizing threat, 64, 74–79, 108–110, 123, 176, 227, 237, 241; physical harm against, 13–15, 19, 21; as union of record for strikes, 10, 50 Italian Hall: tragedy, 1–3, 11–13, 54, 61, 137, 150, 167–243; as significant gathering place, 58, 120 J...
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