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DOCUMENT 2 Document 2 is a confinning charter issued by Sultan Badi IV during Rajab 1141 (31 January to 1 March 1729) to Faqih Mui).ammad walad al-Shaykh [Abu ... ] concerning the estate of al-Daqaqat and to Faqih l:Iammad concerning a purchased property. The text is based upon the photocopy published by Sadik: Nur.l This is the earliest extant dated charter from Sinnar. One of its functions is to give royal sanction to the sale of land between private individuals, a precaution characteristic of the early days of private property in Sinnar.2 Noteworthy is the presence at court of the young sultan's maternal uncle Isma'il, and the frequent use of singular personal names among the court officials of the witness roster. ~ 1.:..1 ~ J J,-)I t}-i \,$1I1 .JJ ~I ~)I v-)I .JJI ~ ,..-J ~ .d-.4 Jfi .1--)1 ~ ~~ .:;'I,ll J; vlU..Jl VII \ \ fV ~ ..~ vlU..Jl J e;i)1 J I ~I J ~4.JJ1 0~1 0'" "::'..r"- 0'" ~~ ~J J ~I.J,J.... ~ ~ J I ~ l:->..01 ~ J" \,$1I1 ~ JS ~I \,$J~ ~ )(Jo. ~ J ~I I li)l J J.1...J1 .y 0~1J;, J La...J1 .y ~4 \,$..,..b:.1 0'" ~ .JJI ~L!. vi o~~1 / b~J'" ~ ~4 F 1.;1 J J~ JI:i 1.;1 \,$1I1 ~ ~ o:"~1 ~~ ~ J.)WI / ~)I 0-)1 .JJI 0"'-:' J; vLJ.J...J1 Vi \,$.)4 vLJ.J...J1 vLJ.J...J1 Vi vLJ.J...J1 37 38 DOCUMENT 2 .....u:; .;r JS' JI o:lWI Y..J ~ v:-ol• v:-ol• ('"'..}:II ~I J ~I ,,1•..,.Al1 o~ ~!P.JI J ~I J j:!,)lA1.1 .;r 'i.u-II .;r ~ U.);oWl J ~)I olA / ~ .;r I.S'~ ~lJl J J"..r' .l.IJ ~,)4 ~I L.....,.....;. ~ ..I.a. ~ ~ / .;r ~lJl ..I.lJ ..I...- ~I ),) ~ ~ ..J..,-.:ll .l..o..)1 ..J~I "LJ.J...JI / "ti ~ J o~ 3 ~ ~ ~I J ~ ~ ~I ~Gj ~ J ..::.GG.l.II),) / ( ... ) ~I ~ .;r ,)J'.\~I ~.".wl ..\.-. .l.IJ ..\.-.1 .;r ..\.-. ~I / LA!J.:..:.I ~lJl ).l.I1 ~ .;r J .,,\,ol... JiWI ~ .;r J O''yl y.;AJ1 / ~.;r J ~ .l.IJ c:-11 "I JI ~...J.) ~.) J ~...J.) J ..\.-. ~I.ill.. / ).l.I1 olA "::'..JW..r.h ~I ~ ~L.... ..JJ""..J J ~I 04- ~ ~..JI}I.;:;. / JA J ~ .;r J u"o..J':J1 ~I ~J:! .;r J.bJ1 ~ J.bJ1 ~..I:! ':J J ~~ ..I.a.1 ':J / ..JWI J J:-11 J J.u!-ll ~ c:r ~ ':JI jfi ':J ~l>J1 J JXiJI / "-i ~ J .ill.) .r=-- ..I...- ~I.l.I . .:...~II ~. 'J u-'.J:! c:yl ,))~IJ I·L.......I .:...... 11 v:- c:- J ( ~;;) ~ y~,) ~I J ~I ~.;11..:. / ~I J 4LA ..uJ ~,)4 ~I J ~l:J1 ~ u"o..r ~I J ~ ~ J:i ..I...- ~I J iJ:"..;lI1 ~ ,,~ ~I J o .........J...iJ1 .,..,. ~ _ •• _ .J to~ ~ ...~,.t....;1I1.J 1S"l.!J1 / .l.1.J ~I ~~ ..,..4J~1 .J I.i.:JI l....wl· Lv....wl .J'i _ V!J _ .J !r.-..,..~ ~I.J ~ ~ .:lJ,) J"'~ I~ ~4 liS' .J ~lAJl ~ / V! ~ ..J~I.Ja- .J \ \ L \ ~ .!IJl:l1 ":""?-J In Thy name, 0 Generous One. In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate. Praise be to God, Who sent the messenger. We believe in what he says. He who trusts In God and the messenger The son of Sultan NOI Sultan Bidi 1137/1724-1725 A sultanic charter and royal document from the presence of him whom God has supported, aided, invested, elevated, strengthened, and made a protecting shelter with whom every subject may seek refuge. He is happy in this world and, if God wills, in the next will be a martyr. His interior is purity, his exterior truth and fidelity. Truthful in word and trustworthy in deed, when he speaks he speaks the truth, and when he speaks the truth he has ordained, our lord the sultan, the son of the sultan, Sultan Badi, the son of Sultan No!. May God, the Merciful, the Compassionate, grant him victory through the influence of the sublime Qur'an and the eminent prophet. Amen, amen, 0 Lord of the Universe. 40 DOCUMENT 2 To all who read this document from among the muqaddams and shaykhs and the jariif who are under them throughout my kingdom, especially Shaykh Badi walad Sarir and whoever may come after him. Thereafter: The pious, divinely assisted and victorious sultan has confirmed the ownership of the...

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