Environmental Safety of Genetically Engineered Crops

Contents

Contents Foreword by M. S. Swaminathan ix Preface xi Part 1. Introduction to Environmental Biosafety in Relation to Genetically Engineered Crops Production of Genetically Engineered Crops, Relationship to Conventional Plant Breeding, and Implications for Safety Assessment Rebecca Grumet 3 Environmental Issues Associated with Agricultural Production Systems Kurt D. Thelen 15 Environmental Biosafety Issues Associated with Genetically Engineered Crops Cholani Weebadde and Karim M. Maredia 21 Current Status of Genetically Engineered Crops and Assessment of Environmental Impacts Hector Quemada 31 Future Possible Genetically Engineered Crops and Traits and Their Potential Environmental Impacts Rebecca Grumet, LaReesa Wolfenbarger, and Alejandra Ferenczi 47 Part 2. Environmental Considerations Associated with Genetically Engineered Crops Factors Influencing the Genetic Diversity of Plant Species and the Potential Impact of Transgene Movement James F. Hancock 61 Control and Monitoring of Gene Flow from Genetically Engineered Crops James F. Hancock and Mark Halsey 75 viii| Contents Evaluation of Potential Impacts of Genetically Engineered Plant-­Incorporated Protectants on Non-Target Organisms Robyn Rose 87 Pests Resistant to Pesticides and Genetically Modified Crop Plants: Theory and Management Christina DiFonzo, Edward Grafius, David E. Hillger, Chad D. Lee, and James J. Kells 105 A Problem-­ Based Approach to Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Crops James F. Hancock and Hector Quemada 123 Part 3. Regulation of Genetically Engineered Crops with Respect to Environmental Safety The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and Other International Regulations Fee Chon Low and Robert J. Frederick 131 Systems to Regulate Genetically Engineered Plants: Similarities and Differences among Countries Karen Hokanson and Alejandra Ferenczi 147 Bio-­Innovations and the Economics of Biosafety Regulatory Decision Making and Design in Developing Countries José Falck-­ Zepeda and Patricia Zambrano 157 Part 4. Future Challenges and Opportunities Risk-­ Benefit Communication for Transgenic Crops Muffy Koch and Adrianne Massey 175 Capacity Building in Biosafety Karim M. Maredia, Cholani Weebadde, John Komen, and Kakoli Ghosh 189 The Evolving International Regulatory Regime: Impact on Agricultural Development John Komen and Silvia Salazar 209 Contributors 225 Index 231 ...