Race and Rights: Fighting Slavery and Prejudice in the Old Northwest, 1830–1870

Index

Index Page numbers in italics refer to maps. abolition movement: major parties’ opposition to, 17, 18; moves into Old Northwest, 2–3; Old Northwest’s importance to, 12–13; religion and, 20–22; women as pioneers in, 9, 24–28. See also antislavery and anti-prejudice activists; immediate abolitionism; political abolitionism African Americans: after abolition of slavery, 223–33; anti–African American incidents during Civil War, 218–19; antislavery newspapers published by, 99–100; in Dayton, Ohio, race riot, 148; emigrate to Canada, 48, 204, 212, 219; equal rights for, 4, 11, 17, 37, 47, 49, 56, 66, 67, 69, 70, 105, 168, 199; hostility toward in Old Northwest, 5, 7, 13, 14, 36; immigration opposed, 40, 41, 42–45, 48, 72, 216, 218, 224–25; inalienable rights for, 5; in interracial activism, 69, 169–72, 235; lecturers, 178, 179, 182–87; legal definitions of, 41–42; Liberty Party supported by, 65, 67; militancy grows among, 15, 201; military role for men, 194, 219, 220–22; Peoria anti-abolitionists on, 120, 268n112; population growth in Old Northwest, 44, 216–17; refuse to be driven out of Old Northwest, 50; rights in 1850s, 10; school inequities for, 58–59; self-defense tradition of, 205, 221; successes of, 50; towns of, 187; trouble exercising their rights under Fifteenth Amendment, 7, 11, 200–201, 229; women, 116, 141, 183, 200, 207–8. See also “Black Laws”; free African Americans; slavery Allan, Irene B., 83, 90, 141 Allan (Allen), William T., 60, 80, 83, 84, 89, 90, 120, 123, 145–46, 248n104 Alton (Illinois): Allan attempts to speak in, 145–46; context of anti-abolitionist activity in, 129–30, 131; economic decline of, 119; Illinois State AntiSlavery Society founded in, 26, 105; Lovejoy murder, 26, 85, 102, 103, 107–8, 110, 113, 129–30, 139; population of, 263n20; prominent citizens attempt to suppress antislavery views, 109, 122; vigilante justice in, 104 American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 16, 28, 112 American Anti-Slavery Society: on freedom of the press, 101; Garrison as leader of, 16; Holley lectures for, 180; Hudson as agent for, 45, 147; lecturers sent by, 178, 187; Old Northwest affiliates of, 25, 29–30, 32; “One Hundred Conventions” tour of, 152; Robinson lectures for, 139–40; split in, 15 Anderson (Indiana), 5, 150, 161, 162–64, 278n165 318 / index 219, 222; consequences of, 4, 38, 42–45, 47, 72; defined, 240n10; Democratic Party support for, 64–65, 73, 74, 195; and fugitive slaves, 48; Hull speaks out against, 126; and immigration restriction, 42–45; interracial marriage banned, 61–63; lecturers and, 137, 186; legal challenges to, 59–61; opposition in 1850s and after, 200–233; petitions against, 63–64, 72, 73, 74, 122, 206, 212; political abolitionists oppose, 64–67; racism underlies support for, 4, 214; religion in opposition to, 51–52; state constitutions and, 38–39, 40–41; testimony provisions, 47–48; U.S. Constitution seen as conflicting with, 57–59; used against Truth, 194, 195, 196, 199; on voting rights, 45–46 Blanchard, Jonathan, 80, 125 Blanchard, Mary Avery Blanchard, 80 Bloomington (Illinois), 5, 72, 76–78, 111, 146 Bradburn, George, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 165–66, 172 Brooke, Abraham, 28–29, 30, 187 Buffum, Arnold, 97, 112, 149 Burleigh, Charles C., 129, 147, 148, 149, 187 Cambridge (Ohio), 5, 126–29, 130, 131, 263n20 Cary, Mary Ann Shadd, 99–100, 184, 208, 221, 232 Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret, 24–25 Chicago, 5, 71, 119, 203, 205, 206–7 Cincinnati, 5, 138–39, 224, 240n15, 263n20 citizenship: activists call for African American, 37, 206, 210, 215; as gendered, 215; lecturers appeal to their rights of, 139, 140; new concept of national, 224; postwar experience leads egalitarians to want full, 235; state constitutions on race and, 41; universal justice as basis for, 70; U.S. Constitution and African American, 58 civil liberties. See rights Cleveland (Ohio), 67–68, 73, 207, 221, 224 Codding, Ichabod, 125, 132, 141, 146, 177 colonization movement, 15, 42, 43, 68, 104–5, 123, 207, 220, 249n4 Columbus (Indiana), 5, 155, 209 Angola (Indiana), 5, 193–98 Ann Arbor (Michigan), 5, 188–91 antislavery and anti-prejudice activists: agenda and identity of, 7; Black Convention Movement on white, 69; views on Civil War, 215–17; commitment to social and political change, 6–7, 11, 33; in East and Old Northwest contrasted, 23, 28; enter mainstream politics, 126, 182; equated with sectional conflict, 122, 123; human rights vision of, 11, 37, 49, 199; increasingly divided...