Space-Time Perspectives on Early Colonial Moquegua

9. Locumbilla

169 DOI: 10.5876/9781607322764:c09 9 Locumbilla A Colonial Wine Heredad Wine is bottled poetry. —Robert Louis Stevenson Evidence of early Spanish transformations of the Moquegua landscape is evident in the Yaravico toponymic zone in the upper mid-valley. The Yaravico toponymic zone is a large area of high-quality agricultural land on the east side of the upper Moquegua valley , on the south (left) bank of the Río Tumilaca and immediately below its join with the Río Torata (figure 9.1). Historical data suggest that in the sixteenth century, much of this land came to be held by Hernán Bueno viejo and his descendants, and, beginning in the very early seventeenth century if not before, the southern portion of this zone was differentiated as Locumbilla. Nine bodega sites were identified in project surveys in this zone, representing the long process of successively dividing this huge property through inheritance and sale. These bodega sites, from north to south, are Yaravico 1, Yaravico 2, Yaravico Viejo, La Banda, Yaravico Bajo, Locumbilla, Gastón, Belén de Locumbilla, and Montalvo (table 9.1). Other sites that were initially part of the extended Bueno family holdings include Chimba (with five bodega ruin sites), on the north side of the Tumilaca, and possibly two sites in the intervening area: Yaracachi and Estopacaje. Hernán Bueno y García (Bueno mozo) and his son, Hernán Bueno de Arana, also had land in Escapalac (Escapalaque), on the far eastern end of the north bank of the Tumilaca valley. LOCUMBILLA 170 yaravico and locumBilla: the BuenoS and eStradaS In the sixteenth century, lands known as Yaravico became the property of Hernán Bueno and his extended family. It is not presently known how he came to hold this land, although it was presumably by appropriating the fields cultivated by the people of his Carumas encomienda. Available documentary data begin in 1577,when Bueno’s granddaughter,doña Jerónima de Miranda,daughter of Hernán Bueno mozo, married Captain Alonso de Estrada y Vizcarra, bringing a handsome dowry that included land in Yaravico (Miró Quesada Sosa 1982: 86).The Yaravico Viejo bodega site,with its in situ tinaja inscribed with religious symbols and the early date of 1590,was of particular interest,but unfortunately,it could not be associated with any specific members of the Bueno family. Figure 9.1 The Yaravico toponymic zone, showing the location of bodega sites and old roads. LOCUMBILLA 171 Table 9.1 Bodegas in the Yaravico zone and their industrial facilities Plana Bodega Lagar Press Kiln Falca Tinaja Dates Yaravico 1 spec. 1 ? ? ? ? 5 1761, 1787 Yaravico 2 spec. (nearly destroyed) Yaravico Viejo segr. 4 4 1 1 ? 36 1590, 1751, 1771 La Banda I-Bl. 1 3 1 — — 8 1699, 1790 Yaravico Bajo spec. 2? 2 1 ? — 12 1757 Locumbilla I-Bl. 3 3 — 1 1 18 1771, 1790, 1803 Gastón spec. — 2 1 — 1 — 1769 (3), 1782 (2), 1789, 1808 (2) Belen de Locumbilla destr. — 4 — — — 2 1791 (2) Montalvo ? ? 3 — — — 10 1793, 1976, 1811 a Plans or layouts are specialized (“spec.”), segregated (“segr.”), and integrated-block (“I-Bl.). Estrada and doña Jerónima were wealthy and lavishly generous with their relatives . In 1593, for example, they donated a vineyard and land on the north side of the lower Río Tumilaca,north of Yaravico,to the sons of doña Jerónima’s illegitimate brother, Hernán García Bueno (Guíbovich P. 1984: 277). This heredad is variously identified as “Chacha” or Chacba, but both are probably mis-transcriptions referring to the area known as Chimba. The location of the notary’s record is given as Yaravico, suggesting that this Chacha/Chimba was originally part of the Buenos’ landholdings. Also in 1593, Estrada claimed to have in his possession an act of sale of lands in Yaravico, sold either to him or to his fatherin -law by a native woman, Ana Poma (ADM 5). The Estradas had no children of their own but were guardians of their orphaned niece and nephew, whose parents were Alonso Estrada’s brother, LOCUMBILLA 172 Diego Vizcarra, and Jerónima’s sister. When nephew Alonso de Vizcarra married in 1605, the Estradas gave him land known as Locumbilla. “Locumbilla” probably then referred to the southern part of the Yaravico zone, where four bodega sites have been identified: Locumbilla, Gastón, Belén de...