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ix Figures Endpapers. Colorado Territory, Map of Public Surveys, US General Land Office, 1866 The Arkansas River Valley, looking north from near the Franklin Bruce farm. The snowcapped summit of Pike’s Peak is faintly visible in the far distance 19 Henry Harkens’ grave marker in Dead Man’s Canyon 20 Death sites of Franklin William Bruce and Henry Harkens in the Hardscrabble and Fontaine qui Bouille country 22 Approximate location of the murder of John Addleman southeast of Wilkerson Pass 24 John Addleman’s grave, recently anonymously restored 25 Addleman’s grave inscription 26 Tarryall Creek Valley, likely the murderers’ route into South Park 35 South Park, looking southwest from Kenosha Pass 37 The Kenosha House. Binkley and Shoup were killed a short distance north and west 38 The headstone of Abram N. Shoup in the old Fairplay graveyard 43 figures x Wilbur Fisk Stone (“Dornick”), South Park correspondent for the Weekly Commonwealth and other Colorado newspapers 45 United States Marshal Alexander Cameron Hunt 51 Colorado Governor John Evans 54 George Laird Shoup, in 1863 a first lieutenant in the First Colorado Cavalry. In this 1864 likeness he appears in the uniform of a colonel of the Third Colorado Volunteers 55 The gold camp of Montgomery 62 A Montgomery sawmill with stacked logs, Hoosier Pass in the distance. Bill Carter would have worked at such a mill 63 Death sites of the six victims in and around South Park 66 Red Hill Pass, where Lehman and Seyga died, was near the point of dark timber extending from the right about a mile distant 67 The Fairplay graveyard; the town of Fairplay in the distance 68 Reverend John L. Dyer, the “Snow-Shoe Itinerant” who saved Foster from a lynching 70 Captain John McCannon, center, with other officers of the Third Colorado Volunteers, in 1864 76 Wilkerson Pass, looking west into South Park. McCannon and his posse would have left the Park coming eastward in their search for the murderers 86 Representative views of the rough country north of Cañon City through which McCannon’s posse searched for the murderers 94–95 Spurs of the suspect killed by McCannon’s posse, taken off his body by John Lamb 101 John McCannon, again in the uniform of a captain, Third Colorado Volunteers 102 Present-day view of Fort Garland 110 Typical adobe dwelling, village of San Rafael 111 Los Mogotes, or “The Antlers,” the mountains north of San Rafael into which the Espinosas may have escaped. Corporal Abeyta may have been killed in the rough rimrock skirting Los Mogotes, not visible in this view 112 [18.213.110.162] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 14:06 GMT) figures xi The church of San Pedro y San Rafael, built in the 1920s to replace the original jacal (stick-and-clay hut) destroyed by fire. Here the people of San Rafael have worshipped sine 1858, presumably including the Espinosas and Hurtados. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are faintly visible in the distance 113 A typical Penitente morada (meetinghouse), with maderos grandes (great crosses) stacked outside, to be carried by the Hermanos (Brothers) during their religious exercises 115 Disciplinas, or whips made of yucca fibers, used by Penitentes for selfflagellation 116 Padre Antonio José Martínez, cura propio of Taos, New Mexico, thought to have been a superior and protector of the Penitentes 117 Bishop Jean Baptiste Lamy, French-born primate of the Catholic Church in New Mexico whose attempts to reform practices of worship brought him into conflict with Padre Martínez and other native priests 118 The San Rafael/Los Mogotes area where Corporal Abeyta died at the beginning of the Espinosa outbreak and where, later, Felipe Espinosa murdered William Smith and possibly Francisco Gallegos 127 Ruined adobe dwelling, village of San Rafael 138 Blanca Peak 148 Ruts marking the old route of Sangre de Cristo Pass 149 Ethan Wayne Eaton and his wife Marcelina Chávez in later life 159 Brevet Brigadier General James Henry Carleton, commander of the Military Department of New Mexico during the Espinosa troubles 167 Fort Marcy, Santa Fe, New Mexico, General Carleton’s headquarters 169 Colonel John M. Chivington, commander of the Military District of Colorado 176 First page of Major Archibald H. Gillespie’s Memorial to President Abraham Lincoln protesting his discharge from the United States Army 179 Conejos Canyon. Felipe Espinosa murdered William Smith at some unknown location within the canyon 197 Huerfano Butte, near the supposed site of the killing of Leon...