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ix Figures 1.1. Almanac on D. 6b–7b containing four frames, each with an interval of ‘13’ | 8 1.2. Symbols for 0, 1, 5, and 20 | 9 1.3. Almanac on D. 42c–45c | 13 1.4. Rituals on P. 4 corresponding to K’atun 11 Ahaw and involving the transfer of a K’awil effigy or headdress and the presentation of offerings | 14 1.5. Frame from M. 69b showing the rain god Chaak seated in front of a deer offering | 15 1.6. Almanac on M. 49c–50c containing five separate frames, each showing the generic god K’uh seated on a cartouche with a numbered Ahaw glyph | 16 1.7. Frame from M. 73b showing the rain god Chaak associated with a cenote | 17 2.1. Twenty days of the tonalpohualli | 27 3.1. The ascent of the crocodilian Itzam Kab Ayin into the sky on D. 74 | 49 3.2. Itzam Kab Ayin on D. 4b–5b, where he is depicted as a bicephalic creature | 50 3.3. Text from Temple XIX platform from Palenque, highlighting the decapitation of a crocodilian in primordial times | 50 3.4. Starry Deer Crocodile from Altar D’, Copan | 51 3.5. Mural painted on the floor of the Temple of the Fisherman from Late Postclassic Mayapán showing the spearing of a crocodile by a Venus deity | 53 3.6. Page 1 of the Codex Fejérváry-Mayer | 56 3.7. East text from Quirigua Stela C, highlighting the establishment of three thrones or stones at the start of the current era | 58 3.8. The three celestial hearthstones associated with the turtle constellation on M. 71a | 59 Figures x 3.9. The setting in order of the cosmos, as pictured on the Vase of the Seven Gods (Kerr 2796), at the start of the current era | 61 3.10. Turtle with three star glyphs, as pictured on the Bonampak mural | 64 3.11. The rebirth of the maize god from the celestial turtle, as detailed on a Classic period plate | 67 3.12. Tablet from the Temple of the Foliated Cross, Palenque, detailing the maize tree of abundance and the Principal Bird Deity at its summit | 68 3.13. Rituals associated with K’atun 10 Ahaw on P. 11, showing the falcon aspect of Itzamna as the omen for the time period | 69 3.14. Deities performing autosacrifice at the central world tree on Borgia 53c | 70 4.1. Yearbearer ceremonies on D. 25–28 | 98 4.2. Eb and Ben ceremonies on D. 25, featuring K’awil and K’in Ahaw | 100 4.3. Original version of D. 26 and 28 (before correction) | 102 4.4. Kaban and Etz’nab ceremonies on D. 26 (corrected), featuring the jaguar sun, K’in Ahaw, and Itzamna | 103 4.5. Ik’ and Ak’bal ceremonies on D. 27, featuring the maize god, Itzamna, and the death god Kimil | 104 4.6. Manik’ and Lamat ceremonies on D. 28 (corrected) featuring two variants of the death god and K’awil | 104 4.7. Almanac on M. 89d–90d, showing the blindfolded Pawahtun deity in fr. 2 | 108 4.8. Sacrifice of the maize god, likely in a yearbearer context, on D. 34a | 109 4.9. Deities holding yearbearer staffs on M. 20c | 110 4.10. Carved column from Campeche depicting God L in the role of a Pawahtun, carrying K’awil on his back | 111 4.11. Chaak wearing a cape with footprints on D. 35a | 118 4.12. God L wearing a loincloth with footprints from the Temple of the Cross pier, Palenque | 118 4.13. The cosmogram on M. 75–76, showing footsteps leading from the periphery at each of the intercardinal points to the center | 119 4.14. References to the deity Bolon Okte’ on D. 60 in scenes emphasizing the capture of prisoners for sacrifice | 120 4.15. The almanac on D. 31b–35b showing the four directional Chaaks (fr. 1, 3, 5, and 7) and the birth of the rains (fr. 2, 4, 6, and 8) | 123 4.16. Mural 2 from Structure 16 at Tulum, which highlights the roles played by Chaak, Chak Chel, and the maize god in creation episodes | 130 4.17. Capstone from the Temple of Owls, Chichén Itzá | 135 5.1. Dresden 74 with annotations | 156 5.2. The water tables on D. 69–74 | 157 5.3. The preface to the water tables on D. 69–71...

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