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566 N o t e s o f M i d d l e A m e r i c a n A r c h a e o l o g y a n d E t h n o l o g y Carnegie Institution of Washington Division of Historical Research No. 131 June 1957 The Marquez Collection of X Fine orange Polychrome Vessels Robert E. Smith (28 specimens examined for colors are, in order of importance, 2.5YR4/8, 2.5YR6/8, 5YR6 /6, 10R4/6. Thirteen specimens have a large darkened (2.5YR4/6 and 10R4/8) lower wall area covering from half to two-thirds of the vessel’s exterior. These are confined to six shapes, all shown in Figure 131.1d, a,1 (two examples); b, 2 (six examples); b, 4 (two examples ); c (one example); d, 1 (one a example); d, 2 (one example). Three pyriform vessels have blue paint on the inside of the pedestal bases. Two of these blues suggest Maya blue (Fig. 131.8c), and one is purplish blue (Fig. 131.12d). The fine orange polychromes included in this study are of two varieties: the four-color polychromes (red-black-and-white-on-orange) and the three-color polychromes (red-and-black-on-orange, red-and-white-on-orange, and white-and-black-onorange ). The four-color polychromes appear to have approximately the same surface color range as the X Fine Orange examples. The three-color polychromes differ somewhat in surface color (5YR 5/4, 5YR5/6, and 5YR4/6) from the X Fine Orange range. The reds recorded on all fine orange polychromes examined are 7.5R3/6, 7.5RP3/4, and 2.5YR5/6. The four-color polychromes occur with four shapes (Fig. 131.1b, 5; d, 3, 4; g). The most frequent (Fig. 131.14, h–k) is a common X Fine Orange form; the others (Figs. 131.16c, e; 131.17h) are rare X Fine Orange shapes. The three-color polychromes are for the most part found with forms (Fig. 131.1d, l, 4; e, 3; f) not normally associated with the X Fine Orange type, but the white-and-black-on-orange is used on two comApproximately 200 X Fine Orange and fine orange polychrome vessels, the latter in small number, are included in the collection of the late Alberto G. MarquezofMerida,Yucatan,Mexico.Thespecimens, mostly whole and in excellent state of preservation, are said to have been found for the most part on Isla de Jaina and at Huaymil. The latter site, sometimes called Huaymin, is located 16 km north of Jaina (Shook 1955) on the northern coast of Campeche. Although the provenience of these vessels is by no means certain, there is no doubt about their belonging to, or being associated with, the X Fine Orange and fine orange polychrome categories. The present description of this collection is a contribution to our knowledge of shape, methods of decoration, and styles of design. WAre The essential characteristics of X Fine Orange paste are its fine texture, homogeneity, lack of temper, and orange color. The color is always even throughout the section; according to Brainerd (1941), although usually orange, it may occasionally range to gray. Since this collection is composed mostly of whole vessels it was possible to inspect sections of only a comparatively few cracked or slightly broken specimens . In general, the paste color is somewhat lighter than the slip or surface, which may on occasional specimens be well burnished rather than slipped. The most common surface color is 2.5YR5/8 all color readings from Munsell 1929). Other colors noted The Marquez Collection of X Fine Orange Polychrome Vessels 567 mon X Fine Orange shapes (Fig. 131.1b, 5, 7). These last (Fig. 131.14, g,1) also suggest Cerro Montoso Fine Polychrome. VeSSel ForM ShaPe ClaSSifiCation (fiG. 131.1) Brainerd (1941:164–169) has grouped X Fine Orange form into five main classes: globular jars; pyriform vessels; cylindrical vessels; bowls of several distinctive forms, including flat-bottomed basalbreak and round-bottomed basal-break graters) tripods , hemispheroid and taper lip bowls; and rare and elaborate forms. In the Marquez collection the same main classes, with certain additions and new variations are present: a. Jars, the standard form having a globular body with angle at body-neck juncture, usually a concave base, and (1) with outcurving or (2) with flaring neck. Other modifications of the jar are (3) a strongly convex or bulging neck...

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