The Western San Juan Mountains: Their Geology, Ecology, and Human History

Index

INDEX Abert's squirrel (Sciurus aberti), 131, 140, 157, 161 Abiquiu, New Mexico, 216, 220 Adaptations in alpine zone, 169-171,352353 to drought, 146 to limiting factors, 135-138 to wetlands, 176 Agriculture, 193, 197,202,210, 230 Ajax Mine, 85 Alamo Mine, 85 Alder Creek Graben, 302 Algae, 185, 186, 187 Alletha vein, 83 Alluvial fans, 64, 65, 145 Alluvium and meandering, 178, 179 Alpine bistort (Bistorta bistortoides), 173 Alpine fellfield, 131 Alpine Loop, xii, 351-363 Alpine marshes, 173 Alpine meadows, 130, 142, 159, 167,172,352 Alpine phlox (Phlox condensata), 170 Alpine tundra, 113, 166-167,352 Alpine zone, 140, 142, 159, 166173 ,352-353 Alps, 23 Alta, Colorado, 309 Alta Lakes, 309 Alta Mines Inc., 91, 92 Altitude. See Elevations Aluminum, 358 Alunite, 358 American Basin, 356 American elk (Cervus canadensis), 171 American Nettie Mine, 87 American Tunnel, 82 Ames Power Plant, 309 Amphibians, 130, 134, 135-137, 140, 145 Amphiboles, 40 Amphitheater, 291 Anasazi, 201-214, 250,328 area occupied by, 204(map) artifacts of, 196, 201 and climate, 121 Ester, the mummy, 258 Late Prehistoric Period, 194 in Mancos Valley, 334 migration of, 211, 328 pinon pine seeds as food source, 147, 148 prehistoric sites, 2l3(map) villages, 207, 20S, 210 Anasazi Heritage Center, 208, 212, 324-325, 324(photo) Ancestral Front Range Uplift, 2S(map) Ancestral North America, 24, 25(map),27(map) 377 378 Index Ancestral Rocky Mountains, 2829 , 28(map), 30(map) in Mesozoic Era, 55 in Paleozoic Era, 49 Andcsitic flows, 8, 71 Animals, 137-38 in alpine zone, 171, 352-353 in aspen groves, 165 in Devonian Period, 52 extinct, 130 lowland,137-138 in mixed conifer forests, 161 in mountain meadows, 166 in mountain shrub community, 151 in ponderosa pine-oak-Douglas fir woodlands, 157 in shrub-steppe communities, 145 in spruce-fir forests, 161-162 See also Vertebrates Animas Canyon, 39, 172,238, 278 Animas City, 236, 237, 238-239, 250,259 Animas City Moraines, 254 Animas City Mountain, 6, 252, 255 Animas Forks, Colorado, 181, 237,240,242,275,354 Animas Formation, 61, 64, 71 Animas glacier, 11-12, 258, 273 Animas River, 41, 42, 61, 62, 65, 79 aquatic ecology of; 175 ecology of, 181-187 and glaciers, 130 gradient of, 181-182 ring faults and, 83 River of Lost Souls, 254 stream flow of, 118, 181,254 terraces on, 13(photo) water chemistry of, 182-185 Animas Valley, 39, 255(photo), 260(map) Anasazi in, 205 cliff-forming layers in, 6 and coal, 104 ecology of, 256-257 geology of, 257-258 Irving Formation, 24 lateral moraines in, 12 lower, 256-258 and meandering, 178 Paleozoic formations, 51 upper, 265-266 Annual plants, 144, 170 Ansborough Mine, 85 Antarctic ice cores, 10 Antelope, 225 Antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), 149 Anticlinal arches, 3 Anvil Mountain, 279, 281 Anza, Juan Bautista de, 218, 219 Apache tribe, 215, 216 Appalachian Mountains, 51 Aquatic ecosystems, 129, 175 Aquatic life, 184, 186, 187 Arable land, 144 Arapaho tribe, 226 Arboreal species, 140 Archaeological research, 193 Archaic Period, 89,194,196,201 Archaic sites, 196 Archean Period, 38 Arctic, 116, 166-167, 168, 171172 ,305 Arc-trench systems, 22, 24 Aretes, 12, 356 Argentine Mine, 90, 93,283 Arizona Game and Fish Department, 176 Arizona Portland Cement Company, 107-108 Armijo, Antonio, 220 Armored river channels, 179 Arrastra Gulch, 354 Arrow Peak, 6 Artifacts, 194, 195 Anasazi, 203, 207, 208(photo) Basketmakers, 328 lithic, 196 Ash-flow tuffs, 8, 69 Aspen, Colorado, 243 Aspens, 13, 134, 142, 159, 164165 and avalanche chutes, 280 clones of, 265-266 "drunken," 358 in mixed conifer forests, 160161 root systems of, 164,265 in Stoner ski area, 320 Aster (Asterspp.), 154 Asthenosphere, 20, 22(figure), 23 Atmosphere, and interference patterns, 5 Atomic bomb, 97 Avalanches, 13-14, 115-116 in Chattanooga, 282 deaths from, 279 as disturbances, 138, 152 point ofinterest, 278, 280 Riverside snowslides, 286 trees in paths of, 133-34 Aztec Gulch Fan, 313 Bachelor Mine Road, 293 Bachelor-Syracuse vein, 88 Bachelor vein, 88(figure) Bahama Islands, 48 Baker, Charles, 235, 236, 259, 261,275 Baker's Bridge, 181, 182, 187, 259,261-262 Bakers Bridge Granite, 40, 261, 349 Index 379 Baker's Park, 221, 235, 236, 237, 275 Baker's toll road, 236 Balsamroot (Balsamorrhiza sagittata), 154 Banana yucca (Yucca baccata), 149, 150 Barberry (Berberis fendleri), 149 Bark beetles, 138 Barstow Mine, 85 Basaltic rocks, 39...