Contemporary Archaeologies of the Southwest

10: Social Identity and Memory: Interactions between Apaches and Mormons on a Frontier Lanscape

208 Gregson Schachner The common aspects of the social and cultural landscape of immigration and settlement in this region suggest underlying persistent problems confronted by smallscale social groups settling unpredictable environments. To understand how and who defines cultural landscapes, we must have some grasp of the scale of social groups involved, how their relationship to the land is structured by regional interactions , and how variations in time depth of settlement and cultural values impact attachment to the land and notions of place. The Harvard researchers’ historical and geographic studies provide a level of detail we can rarely achieve archaeologically , highlighting some of the key processes that appear to have affected settlement choices and the stability of social groups during all periods of settlement. As we increasingly delve into the archaeology and history of the Southwest, we have the opportunity to explore landscape use and change cross-culturally and across time in a way that should yield insights into social processes in many types of societies. referenCes Cited Adler, Michael A. (editor) 1996 The Prehistoric Pueblo World, AD 1150–1350. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Anschuetz, Kurt F., Richard H. Wilshusen, and Cherie L. Scheik 2001 An Archaeology of Landscapes: Perspectives and Directions. Journal of Archaeological Research 9:157–211. Anyon, Roger 1984 Test Excavations at Seven Prehistoric Sites on the Clo-Chin-Toh Land Exchange Near Ramah, McKinley County, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Office of Contract Archaeology. Draft report submitted to the Cibola National Forest, Albuquerque, NM. Bernardini, Wesley 2005 Hopi Oral Tradition and the Archaeology of Identity. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Chapman, Murray, and R. Mansell Prothero 1985 Circulation in Population Movement: Substance and Concepts from the Melanesian Case. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London. Cibola Archaeological Research Project 1972– Field notes. On file, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona 1973 State University, Tempe. Cushing, Frank H. 1896 Outlines of Zuni Creation Myths. In Thirteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1891–1892, 321–447. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. 209 eL Morro VaLLey as Crossroads, eL Morro VaLLey as GatherinG pLaCe Dittert, Alfred E. 1998 The Acoma Culture Province during the Period AD 1275–1500: Cultural Disruption and Reorganization. In Migration and Reorganization: The Pueblo IV Period in the American Southwest, ed. Katherine A. Spielmann, 81–89. Anthropological Research Papers 51, Arizona State University, Tempe. Duff, Andrew I. 2002 Western Pueblo Identities: Regional Interaction, Migration, and Transformation. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Ferguson, T. J., and Roger Anyon 2001 Hopi and Zuni Cultural Landscapes: Implications of History and Scale for Cultural Resources Management. In Native Peoples of the Southwest: Negotiating Land, Water, and Ethnicities, ed. Laurie Weinstein, 99–122. Bergin and Garvey, Westport, CT. Ferguson, T. J., and E. Richard Hart 1985 A Zuni Atlas. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman. Hantman, Jeffrey L. 1983 Social Networks and Stylistic Distributions in the Prehistoric Plateau Southwest . PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Arizona State University , Tempe. Kintigh, Keith W., Donna M. Glowacki, and Deborah L. Huntley 2004 Long-Term Settlement History and the Emergence of Towns in the Zuni Area. American Antiquity 69:432–456. Kuwanwisiwma, Leigh, and T. J. Ferguson 2004 Ang Kuktota: Hopi Ancestral Sites and Cultural Landscapes. Expedition 46(2): 25–29. Landgraf, John L. 1954 Land-Use in the Ramah Area of New Mexico: An Anthropological Approach to Areal Study. Reports of the Ramah Project 5. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 40(3), Cambridge, MA. LeBlanc, Steven A. 1978 Settlement Patterns in the El Morro Valley, New Mexico. In Investigations of the Southwest Archaeological Research Group: An Experiment in Archaeological Cooperation , ed. Robert C. Euler and George J. Gumerman, 45–51. Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff. Lekson, Stephen H. 1990 Sedentism and Aggregation in Anasazi Archaeology. In Perspectives on Southwestern Prehistory, ed. Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman, 333–340. Westview, Boulder. Lekson, Stephen H., and Catherine M. Cameron 1995 The Abandonment of Chaco Canyon, the Mesa Verde Migrations, and the Reorganization of the Pueblo World. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14: 184–202. 210 Gregson Schachner Naranjo, Tessie 1995 Thoughts on Migration by Santa Clara Pueblo. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 14:247–250. Nelson, Margaret C. 1999 Mimbres during the Twelfth Century. University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Ortman, Scott G. 2005 Mapping out the World of the Lower Sand Canyon Community. Paper presented at the 70th Annual Meeting of the Society for...