Hard as the Rock Itself: Place and Identity in the American Mining Town

Index

209 Abandoned Mined Lands Reclamation Division (DNR), 53, 57–58, 61 ABC Television, 160, 161, 168 Abilene Christian University (ACU), 108 Accidents, 25–26, 28, 55, 87, 128 Acid mine drainage, 154–55 Acme Mill chat pile, 142–43 ACU. See Abilene Christian University African Americans, 29, 30, 85, 131 Aimone, Pete, 31, 34, 35, 37 Alexander, H. V., 33 Allen Mine, 96 Alternative lifestyles: in Cokedale, 101 American Manufacturing Belt, 2 American Smelting and Refining Company (ASARCO), 71; and Cokedale, 76–77, 79–82, 90, 91; company towns of, 83–84; mine closure by, 92–93; segregation by, 85–86; unions and, 88–89; working conditions of, 86–88 Index Anglo-Americans, 13, 24, 102; in Toluca, 29, 41; in Trinidad Coal Field, 74, 85, 86 Annual Miners’ Reunion (Picher), 172 Antioch Christian Church (Toluca), 30, 41 Appalachia, 2, 6, 16(n15) Arguello, Bette, 90–91, 92, 97 ASARCO. See American Smelting and Refining Company Asians: in Trinidad Coal Field, 85. See also Japanese Aspen, 6 Associated Press, 161 Austro-Hungarians, 24, 29, 74 Bakel, Leah, 55–56 Barr, Lawrence, 145–46, 149 Barr,Theo,145 Barton, Holly: Cokedale 1907–1947: Anatomy of a Model Mining Community, 73, 79, 82, 91, 104 Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. 210 INDEX Baseball, in Picher, 143, 158 Beauchamp, Grace, 134, 173 Bell, Richard, 97, 99 Bernardi, Alphonse, 34 Bernardi family, 41 Bernardi’s Italian Foods, 40, 41 BIA. See Bureau of Indian Affairs Bisbee, 6 Boardinghouses: in Cokedale, 109 Bodie, 6 Bon Carbo, 79, 84–85, 87, 92, 117(n48) Boomtowns: living conditions in, 126–27 Bootlegging, 32, 129–30, 135, 145 Bordellos: in Picher, 129–30 Braidwood, 23, 24 Brandt, Marion, 50; “The Jumbos,” 48–49 Bretherton, W. L., 79–80 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 126, 133, 169, 181(n99) Bussell, Eleanor, 44 Buyouts, 182(n107); opposition to, 168–69, 170– 71; Picher, 163–66 Cady, Gilbert, 26 Canadians, 74 Cancer, 147 Capponi’s Restaurant, 41 Carbon Coal and Coke Company, 76 Cardin, 153, 182(n105) Carson, Brad, 163, 164 Catholic Church, 30 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 156 CF&I. See Colorado Fuel and Iron Company Chat piles, 122–23, 123, 146, 155, 181(n99); cleanup of, 156, 162; environmental damage from, 153–54, 157, 158, 166, 167; as landmarks ,172–74; in Tri-State Mining District, 130,139,142–43, 147,166, 180(n80),191 Cherry (Ill.), 25, 55, 56 Chicago, 22, 23, 32 Chicago & Alton Railroad, 23, 38, 66(n43) Chicago & Rock Island Railroad, 22 Christ of the Canyon’s Ministries, 107 Churches: in Toluca, 30, 41 Cioni, Battista, 62 Citizen mobilization, 161–62 Clark, William A., 79–80 Class mobility: in Toluca, 29 CNN: and Toluca Jumbos, 19, 47 Coal industry, 2, 8, 13, 99, 185; in Colorado, 71, 74–79, 86–87, 89; in Illinois, 21–30; and mine closures, 36–39, 82, 92–93, 96, 117(n48); mining waste from, 19, 20, 43–44; reclamation activities of, 41–42; town promotion and, 30–31 Cokedale, 13, 14, 70, 185, 190, 192, 193; character of, 73–74; community politics in, 97–100, 102–3; community services for, 94– 95; as company town, 76–82, 90; description of, 71–73; economic and social diversification of, 101–2; ethnicity in, 85–86, 188; Florence Machinery and Supply Company and, 93–94; historic preservation in, 103–14, 194; housing at, 84–85; living conditions in, 95–96; mine closure in, 82, 92–93, 117(n48); place meaning in, 194–95; sense of community in, 90–92; social-group identity in, 186– 87; social history of, 111–12; survival of, 96– 97, 189; union membership in, 88–89; working conditions in, 86–88 Cokedale Historical Society, 104, 105 Cokedale 1907–1947: Anatomy of a Model Mining Community (Barton), 73, 79, 82, 104 Cokedale Miners’ Museum, 73 Cokedale National Historic District, 71, 194 Cokedale Schoolhouse, 107, 108 Cokedale Town Council, 96 Cokedale Town Hall, 109 Coke industry: in Colorado, 74, 77, 79, 111, 112 Coke ovens: Cokedale, 77, 79, 85–86, 101, 112, 113 Colorado, 89; coal mining in, 74–79, 86–87. See also Cokedale; Trinidad Coal Field Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CF&I), 74, 75,80,81,84,87 Colorado Historical Society, 104 Commerce, 143 Commons Park (Cokedale), 99, 104 Communities: development and decline of, 9– 10; lifespans of, 6–7; mining, 2–3 Community, 102, 150, 192; Cokedale’s sense of, 90–92, 97–100, 113–14; persistence of, 188– 89; Picher’s sense of...