Coffee and Community: Maya Farmers and Fair-Trade Markets

Index

259 Advertising, 180, 181, 185, 193–94, 197, 209, 224–25(nn1, 4) Agrarian movements, 135–36 Agrarian reforms, 37, 216(nn4, 5, 6) Agriculture, 112, 219(n2), 221(n12); and biodiversity , 124–25; chemical fertilizer use, 42–43; cooperatives, 16, 47–48; diversification , 11, 67; export, 26–27, 29; labor migration and, 33–34, 38–41; and Maya identity, 62–63; organic, 20, 44, 134–40; plantation, 32–33. See also Coffee production; Milpas Agro-ecosystems, shade-grown coffee and, 146, 147–48 Agro-food sector, 223(n2); deregulation of, 155–56 Aguilar, Manuel, 26 Alberto, 176 Alcoholism, 40 Alliance for Progress, 47, 217(n11), 222(n19) Amatitlan, 26 Anacafé, 17, 100, 107–8, 124, 141, 152, 164, 167, 169 Antigua, 26 Index Arabica coffee, 3, 14, 124, 165 Arbenz Guzmán, Jacobo, 37, 38, 216(n6), 217(nn7, 11) Arévalo, Juan José, reforms under, 36–37 Armas, Castillo, 37 Artisan Association, 118 Associación Maya de Pequeños Agricultores, La, 115 Atitlan, Lake, 9, 124 Auditing: by fair-trade certifiers, 158, 159–61; participatory social, 177–78 Australia, 12, 41 Avocados, 148 Bank of Rural Development (BANRURAL), 11 Barrios, Justo Rufino, 26, 29–30 Beef exports, 41 Belgium, 12 Beneficios, 4, 124, 151–52, 165, 169; certification standards and, 142–43; improvements to, 170–72 Bilingualism, 65–66, 88, 146–47 Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Index 260 Biodiversity: agriculture and, 124–25; and shade-grown coffee, 127–34, 145, 146, 147–48, 150 Birders, birding, 222(n4); and shade-grown coffee, 20, 127–34 Boards of directors: cooperatives, 91–95, 108, 112; voluntary service on, 88–89 Bolger, Lindsey, 173 Bourbon variety, 4, 124, 165 Brazil, 10, 36 Brethren in Christ churches, 12 Businesses, in San Juan, 64, 176–77, 208–9 Buyers, 176, 224(n13), 225(n5); coffee sourcing , 194–95 Cabrera, Carlos, 30 Cafédirect, 193 Campesino a Campesino movement, 135–36 Capitalism, 26–27; cooperatives and, 106–7 Cargo system, 63, 83, 103; Mesoamerican, 85–86; in San Juan La Laguna, 87–89 Caritas International, 47 Carlos, 142, 143, 144, 146–47, 149, 152, 160 Carrera, Rafael, 26, 29 Catholic Action, 47, 83, 87 Catholic Church, 47, 83, 114 Cattle production, 41 Center for International Studies and Cooperation (CECI), 159 Certification systems, 21, 123, 124, 125, 128, 210, 222(n3), 223(n5); costs, 126–27; equity standards in, 84–85, 109–10, 113; fairtrade , 11–12, 13–14, 156–63, 173, 175–78, 224(nn7, 8); organic, 134–35, 223(nn4, 7); prices and, 140–41, 222–23(n6); quality standards, 141–44, 164–69, 174–75, 209; shade-grown coffee, 146–49 Chiapas, 159 Children, 14, 111 Chimalteco, chemical fertilizer use, 42–43 Chimbal, 35 Church Council of Greater Seattle, 185 CIA, 217–18(n11); and Operation Success, 37–38 Civil war, 29, 49–50, 217–18(nn11, 12, 13); and corruption, 96, 97; end of, 51–52 Coffee crisis, 9–11, 61, 197, 220(n5); prices paid during, 58–59 Coffee mills. See Beneficios Coffee networks: fair-trade certification and, 156–63; relationships within, 173–78, 181–82 Coffee production, 1–2, 3–4, 220(nn5, 7), 224(n7); biodiversity and, 124–25; certification and, 125–28, 140–44, 224(n8); commodity networks and, 153–54; crisis in, 9–11; and gender equity, 110–11; in Guatemala, 24, 25–26; harvest, 151–52; labor in, 27–29; Latin America, 4–6, 7–8; organic, 134–40, 223(nn7, 4); quality maintenance, 164–68, 209; shade-grown, 128–34, 146–48; small farmers, 8–9; smallholders vs. finqueros, 44–46, 217(n10); specialty, 294–95 Coffee Source Trips, 174 Coffee sourcing, 194–95 Coffee tour, 112, 152 Cofradias, 88, 114 Cold Play, 185 Colombia, 36, 164–65 Colonialism, 24 Commodity chain analysis (value chain analysis), 154–55 Commodity chains, 154–55, 174–75, 181–82 Commodity markets, instability of, 8–9, 11 Commodity network, 3–4, 153–54 Communalism, 85 Communication, with professionals, 146–47 Communism, 47, 49 Communities, 39, 40, 105, 216–17(n6); cargo system in, 83, 85–89, 103; consumer goods, 106–7; distrust and corruption in, 95–100; economic strategies of, 27–28; and fair-trade cooperatives, 17–18; imagined, 181–82, 189, 204–5; impact of cooperatives on, 89–91; land ownership, 29–30, 60–61; mutual aid and, 101–2 Conscription, military, 31, 35–36 Conservation, 20; environmental, 124, 125; market-based, 149–50; and shade-grown coffee, 126–34, 146–48 Consumer goods, 106...