Notes
153 notes ChapTer 1 1. The Center for Hazards Assessment, Response and Technology at the University of New Orleans granted permission to use the data for this book. Original research for this book was supported through an EDI/Special Project Grant (B-01-SP-LA-029) from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and the Center for Hazards Assessment, Response and Technology at UNO, LA. 2. Meanings of coastal land loss are outlined and explored in depth in chapters four and five. 3. Dr. JoAnne DeRouen Darlington of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette led most of the interviews in the first community of Grand Isle while I trained and got used to the methodological style of open-ended interviewing. Dr. DeRouen Darlington and I conducted many of the Grand Isle interviews together. 4. Also see Pred 1983; Relph 1976; Tuan 1979. 5. Chapters four and five explore how the meanings that the residents give to coastal land loss are reflective of identity. ChapTer 2 1. In 1950 Louisiana held 40 percent of the nation’s wetlands. Substantial land loss has led to the current level of 30 percent (LDNR 2004). It also should be noted that these estimates are prior to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in late summer 2005. While it is doubtful that the storms significantly affected these bottom-line estimates, significant land loss was incurred. 2. The current rate of loss is at about twenty square miles per year; however, this is due to the decreasing availability of wetlands to lose. 3. This wait time for some regeneration has been updated to “the next several growing seasons” by the USGS-maintained LACoast.gov Web site. 4. These projects continue to meet with resistance. In October of 2006 the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act Task Force—for the second time in a year—rejected continued funding for a project to divert Mississippi River water into Bayou Lafourche and build wetlands. Funding was rejected under criticism from representatives of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Wold 10/19/06). 5. CWPPRA was supplemented by a “no net loss of wetlands” rule by the first Bush administration which required those who destroyed wetlands through development to mitigate that loss in another area (van Heerden 2006). Industry has found various ways around this rule. 154 Notes ChapTer 3 1. The social history of the coastal communities presented here is mostly since European settlement. This is not meant to further decenter native communities that occupied the region before the arrival of Europeans. The reasons for my concentration on recent history are due to the limited knowledge in the area, the focus of this book, and the fact that most residents in the region today descend from European settlers, some native peoples, and some communities of the Carribbean and South America, all of which are discussed. 2. The historical outlines here are not meant to provide an explanation for the development of residents ’ attachment or their experiences of land loss. For one thing, this historical discussion is far too brief and basic in that it provides only general economic, political, and social shifts over the past two centuries or so. A more detailed and nuanced historical account of southeastern Louisiana and the communities under study is beyond the focus of this book and has been given by others, some of which are referenced below. The historical treatment presented here is intended only to serve as a sort of contextual scaffolding where community members’ discussions of their experience of land loss and their attachment to place can be generally situated. 3. Choosing this geographical cluster of communities provided a more robust representation of the coastal area of the parish and a more precise picture of coastal Louisiana residents than selecting just one community within the parish to gather data. 4. Poststudy, it was thought by the research team of the larger Coastal Communities Project by CHART that Delcambre was not essential to the aims of the study. Such are the trials of social science. However, the narratives of the community are relevant and add some interesting insights to the data set. Thus, I have kept the interviews from Delcambre in this analysis. ChapTer 4 1. Also see Pred 1983; Relph 1976; Tuan 1979. 2. Also see Breakwell 2000. 3. There are historical and biological components to the social construction of places. For a fuller explanation of these processes, see Tuan, Topophilia (1974). 4. The place attachment process...
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