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Notes Introduction. Deep Ellum: Fact and Fiction 1. Maxine Holmes and Gerald D. Saxon, eds., The WPA Dallas Guide and History (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 1992), 294. Hereinafter referred to as the WPA Guide. 2. A. C. Greene, Dallas USA (Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1984), 63. 3. William L. McDonald, Dallas Rediscovered: A Photographic Chronicle of Urban Expansion 1870–1925 (Dallas: Dallas Historical Society, 1978), 17. 4. Darwin Payne, Dallas, an Illustrated History (Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor, 1982), 185. 5. Larry Willoughby, Texas Rhythm, Texas Rhyme: A Pictorial History of Texas Music (Austin: Texas Monthly Press, 1984), 60–62. 6. Dave Oliphant, Texan Jazz (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1996), 43, 93. 7. As quoted in WPA Guide, 294. 8. “Hidden Nooks of Dallas: ‘Deep Ellum’ Has Its Renown But After All It Is Merely the Darkies’ Parade Ground,” Dallas Morning News, November 29, 1925. 9. WPA Guide, 294. 10. J. Mason Brewer, ed., Heralding Dawn: An Anthology of Verse (Dallas: June Thompson Printing, 1936), 4. 11. Louis Bedford, interview by Jay Brakefield, December 5, 1992. 12. Herschel Wilonsky, interview by Jay Brakefield, May 5, 1994. 13. Sammy Price, interview by Alan Govenar, September 27, 1984. 14. Isaac “Rocky” Goldstein, interview by Jay Brakefield, March 22, 1992. 15. Ibid. 16. Bill Neely, interview by Alan Govenar, August 29, 1984. 17. Isaac “Rocky” Goldstein, interview. 18. Willard Watson, interview by Jay Brakefield, July 16, 1992. 19. Robert Prince, interview by Jay Brakefield, January 1993. 20. Anna Mae Conley and Lucille Bosh McGauthey, interview by Jay Brakefield and Alan Govenar, October 3, 1992. Chapter 1. “Deep Elem Blues”: Song of the Street 1. Tony Russell, Country Music Originals: The Legends and the Lost (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010). 2. http://www.lizlyle.lofgrens.org/RmOlSngs/RTOS-BlackBottom.html. 3. Hank Wackwitz, letter to Alan Govenar, March 1992. Chapter 2. The Railroads Create Deep Ellum 1. From a letter by John Milton McCoy to his brother Addie in Indiana, December 19, 1871, published in When Dallas Became a City: Letters of John Milton McCoy, 1870–1881, ed. Elizabeth York Entstam (Dallas: Dallas Historical Society, 1982), 46–47. 220 N o t e S t o pA g e S 3 2 – 6 3 2. Quoted in John William Rogers, The Lusty Texans of Dallas (New York: Dutton, 1951), 117. 3. Barrot Steven Sanders, Dallas, Her Golden Years (Dallas: Sanders, 1989), 83. 4. Quoted in Rogers, Lusty Texans, 118–19. 5. Philip Lindsley, History of Greater Dallas and Vicinity, vol. 1 (Chicago: Lewis, 1909), 108. Chapter 3. William Sidney Pittman: Architect of Deep Ellum 1. Most of the information in this chapter on William Sidney Pittman came from newspapers and from Louis R. Harlan’s Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1910–1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 118–20. 2. Sammy Price, interview by Jay Brakefield, June 7, 1991, Dallas, Texas. 3. The lodge, founded in Galveston, Texas, in 1883, was a fraternal organization and burial society. 4. Negro Business Bulletin (Dallas: Negro Business Bureau, February 1925). 5. October 2, 1920. 6. Dallas Express, March 14, 1919. Microfilm copies of the Dallas Express can be viewed at the J. Erik Jonsson Central Library (Dallas) in the Texas/Dallas Collection. 7. Dallas Express, October 18, 1919. Black troops were not unfamiliar to Dallas. They were deployed to the Texas-Mexico border in the years before World War I, and a photo shows a black regiment marching through downtown Dallas between 1911 and 1914. 8. Dallas Express, February 3, 1923. 9. Negro Business Bulletin (Dallas: Negro Business Bureau, February 1925). 10. Ophelia Pittman, Por você, por mim, por nós (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Record, 1984), 17–18. 11. Ruth Ann Stewart, Portia: The Life of Portia Washington Pittman, the Daughter of Booker T. Washington (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1977). 12. Eliana Pittman, interview by Jay Brakefield, August 8, 1996. 13. Brotherhood Eyes, July 28, 1934. 14. Rudolph McMillan, interview by Jay Brakefield, April 9, 1993. 15. Robert Wilonsky, “Knights’ Tale: Another Historic Emblem of Black Dallas Stands on the Brink.” Dallas Observer, December 20, 2007. http://www.dallasobserver.com/2007–12– 20/news/knight-s-tale/full (accessed May 24, 2012). 16. Ibid. Chapter 4. Black Dallas 1. J. H. Polk, “Brief Account of the Commercial Progress of the Negroes of Dallas,” Business and Professional Directory of Colored Persons in Dallas, 1911, published under the auspices of the Dallas Negro Business League, no. 91. 2. Dallas Times Herald, July...

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