FDR's Body Politics: The Rhetoric of Disability

notes

Chapter 1 1. “Remarks by the President at the Dedication Ceremony of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial,” West Potomac Park, Washington, D.C., May 2, 1997, p. 5. Located online at (Center for the State of Hate and Extremism, California State University, San Bernardino). 2. Ibid., p. 6. 3. “Transcript: Clinton Speaks at FDR Statue Unveiling,” January 10, 2001. Located online at (Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy, Japan). 4. Homer, The Iliad, trans. Robert Fagles (New York: Viking, 1997), p. 106. 5. Ibid. 6. Ibid., p. 107. 7. Ibid., p. 108. 8. For a similar view of disability see, David T. Mitchell and Sharon L. Snyder, “Introduction: Disability Studies and the Double Bind of Representation,” in The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability, ed. Mitchell and Snyder (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998), pp. 1–31; Helen Meekosha, “Body Battles: Bodies, Gender and Disability,” in The Disability Reader, ed. Tom Shakespeare (London: Cassell, 1998), p. 167; Simi Linton, Claiming Disability: Knowledge and Identity (New York: New York University Press, 1998), p. 2; Mary Klages, Woeful Afflictions: Disability and Sentimentality in Victorian America (Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999), pp. 2, 10; Mairian Corker and Sally French, “Reclaiming Discourse in Disability Studies,” in Disability Discourse, ed. Corker and French (Buckingham, England: Open Press University, 1999), pp. 1–11; and Lennard J. Davis, introduction to The Disability Studies Reader, ed. Davis (New York: Routledge, 1997), p. 3. 9. See Roderick P. Hart, The Sound of Leadership: Presidential Communication in the Modern Age (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987); Lloyd Bitzer, “The Rhetorical Situation,” Philosophy & Rhetoric 1 (1968): 5; Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Deeds Done in Words: Presidential Rhetoric and the Genres of Governance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990); Michel Foucault, The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language, trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith (New York: Pantheon, 1972); Carole Blair, “Contemporary U.S. Memorial Sites as Exemplars of Rhetorical Materiality,” in Rhetorical Bodies, ed. Jack Selzer and Sharon Crowley (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999), p. 30; Kenneth Burke, Language as Symbolic Action (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968). notes 10. Carroll C. Arnold, “Oral Rhetoric, Rhetoric, and Literature,” Philosophy & Rhetoric 1 (1968): 195. Similarly, Dorinda Outram states that “words do not give up their full meaning without an account of the physical behavior which accompanies them” (The Body and the French Revolution: Sex, Class, and Political Culture [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989], p. 34). 11. Arnold, “Oral Rhetoric,” pp. 197, 206. 12. Anne Norton, Republic of Signs: Liberal Theory and American Popular Culture (Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1993), p. 120. 13. Michael S. Kimmel, “Invisible Masculinity,” Society 30 (1993): 28. 14. R. W. Connell, Masculinities (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), p. 54. 15. Theo Lippman, Jr., The Squire of Warm Springs: F.D.R. in Georgia, 1924–1945 (Chicago : Playboy Press, 1977), p. 65. 16. Mitchell and Snyder, “Introduction: Disability Studies and the Double Bind,” p. 1; Karen Hirsch, “Culture and Disability: The Role of Oral History,” Oral History Review 22 (1995): 3. 17. Jack Selzer, “Habeas Corpus: An Introduction,” in Rhetorical Bodies, ed. Selzer and Sharon Crowley (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1999), p. 4. 18. Selzer, “Habeas Corpus: An Introduction,” pp. 3–15; Blair, “Contemporary U.S. Memorial Sites,” pp. 18–20; Brenda Jo Brueggemann and James A. Fredal, “Studying Disability Rhetorically,” in Disability Discourse, ed. Mairian Corker and Sally French (Buckingham, England: Open University Press, 1999), pp. 129–35; and James C. Wilson and Cynthia Lewiecki-Wilson, “Disability, Rhetoric, and the Body,” in Embodied Rhetorics: Disability in Language and Culture, ed. Wilson and Lewiecki-Wilson (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2001), pp. 1–24. 19. FDR, “Address at Oglethorpe University, May 22, 1932,” in Franklin D. Roosevelt, The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, comp. Samuel I. Rosenman (New York: Random House, 1938), 1:646. 20. Geoffrey C. Ward, A First-Class Temperament: The Emergence of Franklin Roosevelt (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), p. 750. See also Kenneth R. Crispell and Carlos F. Gomez, Hidden Illness in the White House (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1988). 21. Hugh Gregory Gallagher, FDR’s Splendid Deception (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1985); Richard Thayer Goldberg, The Making of Franklin D. Roosevelt: Triumph over Disability (Cambridge, Mass: Abt, 1981); Jean Gould, A Good Fight: The Story of F.D.R.’s Conquest of Polio (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1960); Frank Freidel, Franklin D. Roosevelt: The Ordeal (Boston: Little...