The Mexican Texans

Index

Index ▼▼▼  Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and captions. Abeyta, Emilio, – ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union),  Adams, Luciano,  adobe,  affirmative action,  AFL (American Federation of Labor),  African Americans, ,  Ágreda, María de Jesús de, ,  Alamo, , ; battle of, –,  Alamo Heights School District (San Antonio),  Alliance school program,  American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU),  American Civil War, ,  American Federation of Labor (AFL),  American GI Forum, –, ,  Americanization, , – American Revolution,  Apache Indians, , ,  Arizona,  arras,  Arredondo, Joaquín de,  arroyo (arroyo),  artisans, –, ,  Austin, Stephen F., , , ,  Austin, Tex., ,  Aztecs, –, –,  Aztlán,  baile (dance), – bajo sexto,  bandits,  barrio (neighborhood),  Berlandier, Jean Louis, – Béxar, . See also San Antonio Big Wells,  bilingual-bicultural education, , , , , – Bilingual Education Act (),  blacks. See African Americans Bollaert, William,  Bonilla, Henry,  border patrols, , – “boss” system, ,  Botas party,  Bowie, Jim,  Boy Scouts,  bracero program,  bronco (bronco),  Brownsville, –, ,  Bucareli,  bullfights, ,  buñuelos (fried pastries), ,  Bush, George,  businesses: in nineteenth century, , –, ; in Spanish colonial era, , ; in twentieth century, –, , , , . See also employment Caballeros de América,  Cabello, Domingo,  Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez, , –,  cabrito (kid goat),  Caddo Indians,  California, , ,  Calixto de la Garza, Rafael,  Canales, J. T.,  Canary Islanders, –,  cañón (canyon),  Cantú, Genaro,  Carlota, Empress,  carpas (Mexican tent shows),  Carranza, Venustiano, ,  Index ▼▼▼  Carrizo Springs,  Cart War,  Cásares, Viola,  cascarones (eggshells with confetti), – castas (people of mixed Old World/New World ancestry),  Catholicism: and Austin’s colonizers, ; baptism in Spanish colonial era, ; and Catholic schools, ; and funeral procession, ; importance of, ; and “Lady in Blue,” , ; and missions, , –, , –, –; and public relief, ; and ranchers, ; in Texas Republic, ; and Virgin of Guadalupe, , , –, ,  cattle. See ranching cattle drives,  Cavazos, Lauro,  celebrations. See fiestas and celebrations cenizo,  Census Bureau,  Central American refugees,  chaparral (chaparral),  Chávez, César, ,  Cherokee Indians,  Chicano movement, , , , –,  chicarrones (fried rinds of fat),  children: in Alamo during siege, , –; factory work by, , ; illness of, ; infant mortality, ; migrant children, –, , , ; photographs of, , , , , , ; preschool program for, , ; violence against, ; and World War II, . See also education chile and chile stands, , ,  chiles,  chorizo (sausage),  Christmas, ,  Cinco de Mayo,  CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations),  circuses,  Cisneros, Henry, – citizenship, U.S., , ,  Civil Rights Act,  civil rights movement,  Civil War, American, ,  class system. See social class Clinton, Bill,  cockfights,  colonias, – Comanche Indians, , ,  Communist Party, , , – Communities Organized for Public Service (COPS),  community building: and cultural identity, – , , –, –, –, , ; in Great Depression, ; in Mexican Texas, –; and México de afuera, –; and mutualistas (mutual aid societies), , ; in nineteenth century, –; in Spanish colonial era, –; in twentieth century, –. See also culture community property law,  compadres and comadres,  Congress, U.S., , – Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO),  Congressional Medal of Honor, ,  conjuntos,  conquistadores. See Spanish explorers Constitution, U.S., ,  Córdova, Vicente, , – Córdova Revolt, – Coronado, Francisco Vásquez de, ,  Corpus Christi, ,  corral (corral),  corrales (shacks),  corridos (ballads), , – Cortés, Hernán, , ,  Cortez, Gregorio, – Cortina, Juan N., –,  Cos, General,  cotton farming, , –,  Cotulla,  court cases: on affirmative action, ; on jury selection, ; on land ownership, –, ; against Levi Strauss Company, ; on schools, , , , –; in Spanish colonial era, –,  coyote (child of mestizo and Indian),  crime,  criollos (individuals born in America to Spanish parents), –,  La Crónica, – La Cruz Blanca (White Cross),  Index ▼▼▼  Crystal City, , –, ,  cuarta (quirt),  culture: and cultural identity, –, , –, –, –, , ; fiestas and celebrations, , –, , , –, , –, –, ; in nineteenth century, –. See also dancing curanderos (faith healers),  dancing: baile, –; fandango, , ; mitotes and Indians, –, ; in nineteenth century, –; and Tejanos, , . See also music Day of the Dead,  De la Garza, Eligio “Kika,”  De León, Alonso, –,  deaths: from lynchings, ; of prisoners, –; of undocumented workers, . See also violence Democratic Party, , , – Denmark, Beatrice,  deportation of immigrants, –,  Depression. See Great Depression desegregation of schools, , , ,  Díaz, Porfirio, , ,  Diez y Seis,  diseases, , , , , , , , ,  Dockers clothing plant,  doctors. See medical professions domestic workers, –,  Dorothy Frocks Company,  Duval County, , , , ,  dysentery,  Eagle Pass, ,  Easter, – Edcouch, ,  Edgewood ISD v. Kirby,  Edgewood School District (San Antonio), , ,  education: adult education programs, ; affirmative action in, ; Alliance school program, ; bilingual-bicultural education, , , , , –; Crystal City schools, –, ; desegregation of schools, , , , ; Edgewood School District in San Antonio, , , ; and English-only laws, ; funding for, , , ; in Great Depression, ; higher education, , ; and Jovita Idar, –; kindergarten, ; Little School of , ; of Mexican farm workers’ children in twentieth century, ; of migrant children, , ; in s, –; in s–s, , –; in s–, –; prejudice and discrimination in schools, , , , , –; preschool education, , ; private and parochial schools, , , ; protests in schools in s–s, – , ; segregation in, , , , ; and teachers, , , , , , , ; and voucher program,  El Paso: cotton farming in, ; crossing Rio Grande at, ; domestic workers in, – ; garment industry in, –; labor unions in, ; Levi Strauss Company in, ; mayors of, , ; missions near, ; and Salt War, ; strikes in, ; violence against Tejanos in, ; women’s employment in,  El...