War along the Border: The Mexican Revolution and Tejano Communities

Women's Labor and Activism in the Greater Mexican Borderlands, 1910-1930

173 | The Mexican Revolution and the Women of El México de Afuera cans living in the United States maintained their Mexican identity, and that Mexicans and Mexican Americans enjoyed good health—jobs no one woman can accomplish alone.Thus, immigrants have gone through a life of the pendulum.This is our legacy today—we move back and forth between one land and another, between one culture and another—and in the process we become neither this or that,but something distinct in itself. What it is that we become is for each one of us to define for ourselves—a daily creation, a daily search. Notes 1. Federico Allen Hinojosa, El México de Afuera: y u reintegración a la patria (San Antonio:Artes Gráficas, 1940). See also Mario T. García, Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology, and Identity, 1930–1960 (New Haven, Conn.:Yale University Press, 1989), 15. 2. John Mason Hart, Revolutionary Mexico:The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987). 3. Richard A. García, The Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929–1941 (College Station:Texas A&M University Press, 1991). 4. “Madero Led Revolution Against Díaz,” The San Antonio Light (February 10, 1913): 3. 5. Plan de San Luis: Manifiesto a la nación. Redactado por Don Francisco I. Madero y sus colaboradores en San Antonio,Texas en Octubre–Noviembre de 1910: Instituto de Estudios Históricos de La Revolución Mexicana (Plan de San Luis se edita, en ocasión de la visita del C.Presidente de Los estados Unidos Mexicanos,Lic.Luis Echeverria Alvarez A la ciudad de San Antonio,Texas, E.U.A. El 19 de junio de 1972): n.p. 6.“Widow by Revolt,” The San Antonio Light (February 24, 1913): 3. 7. Ibid.,April 11, 1913: 11. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Ibid. 12. Ibid. 13.“Miss Angela Madero to Be Married Here,”The San Antonio Light (October 24, 1916). 14.“Mrs.Villa Laughs at Report of Warrior Husband’s Capture,” San Antonio Evening News (December 4, 1919): 1, 2. 15. Ibid. 16. Ibid. 17. Ibid. Juanita Luna Lawhn | 174 18. Ibid. 19. Ibid. 20. Ibid. 21. Ibid. 22. “Mrs. Carranza Dies at Querétaro after Protracted Illness,” The San Antonio Light (November 10, 1919): 14. 23. Ibid. 24. Ibid. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Collected History—Outline of Pan American Activities under Directions of PART of San Antonio,Texas, 1916–1936, Box 1, Folder 3, n.d. Original Document at the UTSA Archives, University of Texas at San Antonio. 28. Handbook of Texas Online, “Pan American Round Table,” accessed February 1, 2010, from http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/PP/vwp1.html. 29. Constitution and By-Laws. Pan American Round Table Constitution, 1916. Original Document at the UTSA Archives. 30.“Women Pledge Friendship Link ith Mexico,” San Antonio Evening News (December 1, 1919). 31.“Celebró su primera sesión el Congreso Femenino,” La Prensa [San Antonio,Texas] (2 diciembre 1919): 1. 32.“El Congreso FemininoTrabaja Por El Acercamiento de EE Unidos a la America Latina ,” La Prensa (3 diciembre 1919): 1. 33. Ibid. 34. Ibid. 35. Ibid. 36.“Pan Americanism Sum Up Ideals in Conclusion,” San Antonio Light (December 3, 1919): 4. 37. Ibid. 38.“Pan Americans Show Needs for New Friendship,” San Antonio Evening News (December 2, 1919): 9. 39. Esther P. Carvajal,“A Spanish Lesson on the American Flag,” The Modern Language Journal 17, N0.1 (October 1932): 47–48. 40.“Celebró su primera sesión,” La Prensa (2 diciembre 1919). 41.“Pan Americans Sum Up Ideals in Conclusion,” 4. 42. Ibid. 43. Ibid. 44.“Pan American Is Urged for San Antonio by Head of California University,” San Antonio Evening News (December 4, 1919): 5. 175 | The Mexican Revolution and the Women of El México de Afuera 45.“Dinner Closes Convention of Pan Americanism,” San Antonio Evening News (December 4, 1919):12. 46. Ibid. 47. Ibid. 48. Ibid. 49. Ibid. 50.Emma Pérez,The Decolonial Imaginary:Writing Chicanas into History (Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1999): 43–44. 51. Jesús Franco, El Alma de La Raza (El Paso,Texas: Companía La Patria, 1923): 38. 52. Ibid., 43. 53. Ibid., 51–52. 54.“Dos Pasos del Patíbulos, Fue Salvado Un Acto de Justicia,” La Época (San Antonio, Texas) (5 marzo 1922): 1. 55. Franco, El Alma...