White-Tailed Deer Habitat: Ecology and Management on Rangelands

Appendix 4. Planting Summary for Selected Forages

Sources of Information The follow planting recommendations for selected plant species were compiled from several sources, including Heath, Metcalfe, and Barnes (1973); Vallentine (1980); Koerth and Kroll (1994); Fulbright (1999a); Redmon, Caddel, and Enis (n.d.); T. Butler’s Forages of Texas Web site (stephenville.tamu.edu/~butler/foragesoftexas); Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Plant Characteristics (http://plants.usda.gov/); Pogue Agri Partners Web site (www.pogueagri.com); and Turner Seed Company Web site (www.turnerseed.com). Information for individual traits was selected from a single source when recommendations varied among sources; local extension specialists should be consulted for recommendations in specific locations. Many different varieties are available for plants such as hairy vetch, oats, wheat, rye, triticale, cowpeas, and soybeans. Extension specialists or seed dealers should be consulted to determine the variety adapted to the locality where food plots will be planted. Cool-Season Annual Legumes Arrowleaf clover1 Cold tolerance: Moderate Drought tolerance: Low Establishment ease: Moderate Planting dates: September through October Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm Salinity tolerance: None Seeding rate: 5.6 to 11.2 kg/ha with a drill; 11.2 to 13.4 kg/ha broadcast Soil pH: 6 to 7.5 Soil texture adaptation: Well-drained sandy to loamy soils Rainfall adaptation: 89 to 178 cm annual precipitation Austrian winter peas Cold tolerance: Good Drought tolerance: Fair Establishment ease: Good Planting dates: September through December Planting depth: 2.5 to 3.8 cm Salinity tolerance: None Seeding rate: 16.8 to 28 kg/ha with a drill; 28 to 39.2 kg/ha broadcast Soil pH: 5.5 to 7.5 Soil texture adaptation: Wide range of soil textures Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 50.8 cm annual precipitation Bur medic (armadillo) Cold tolerance: Fair Drought tolerance: Good Establishment ease: Good; reestablishes naturally Planting dates: September through December Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm 199 appendix 4 Planting Summary for Selected Forages 1. Scientific names of plants are in appendix 1. Salinity tolerance: Low Seeding rate: 6.7 to 9 kg/ha in rows; 8.9 to 13.3 kg/ha broadcast Soil pH: 6 or above Soil texture adaptation: Mixed to clay Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 41 cm annual precipitation Button medic Cold tolerance: Fair Drought tolerance: Good Establishment ease: Establishes readily; reseeds itself Planting dates: September through October Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm Salinity tolerance: Low Seeding rate: 9 to 13 kg/ha Soil pH: 6.5 to 8 Soil texture adaptation: Loam and clay loam Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 41 cm annual precipitation Crimson clover Cold tolerance: Good Drought tolerance: Low Establishment ease: Good Planting dates: September through December Planting depth: 0.6 to 1.3 cm Salinity tolerance: None Seeding rate: 13 to 28 kg/ha Soil pH: 5.5 to 7.5 Soil texture adaptation: Sand and sandy loam Rainfall adaptation: 81 to 178 cm annual precipitation Hairy vetch Cold tolerance: Good Drought tolerance: Fair Establishment ease: Good Planting dates: September through December Planting depth: 1.3 to 2.5 cm Salinity tolerance: None Seeding rate: 22.4 to 33.6 kg/ha Soil pH: 5.5 to 7.5 Soil texture adaptation: Sandy loam to clay loam Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 50.8 cm annual precipitation Hubam sweetclover Cold tolerance: Good Drought tolerance: Good Establishment ease: Good with scarified seeds Planting dates: September through October Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm Salinity tolerance: Fair Seeding rate: 3.4 to 5.6 kg/ha in semiarid areas; otherwise, 11.2 to 16.8 kg/ha Soil pH: Slightly acid to moderately alkaline Soil texture adaptation: Widely adapted Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 30 cm annual precipitation; more than 43 cm optimal Madrid sweetclover Cold tolerance: Good Drought tolerance: Good Establishment ease: Good Planting dates: September through October Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm Salinity tolerance: Fair to good Seeding rate: 13 to 17 kg/ha Soil pH: 6 to 8 200 Appendix 4 Soil texture adaptation: Sandy loam to clay loam Rainfall adaptation: Minimum of 41 cm annual precipitation Rose clover Cold tolerance: Poor to good Drought tolerance: Good Establishment ease: Good Planting dates: September through October Planting depth: Less than 0.6 cm Salinity tolerance: None Seeding rate: 17 to 22 kg/ha Soil pH: 6 to 7.5 Soil texture adaptation: Sandy loam to clay loam Rainfall adaptation: 36 to 91 cm annual precipitation Subterranean clover Cold tolerance: Good...