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Index
- Texas A&M University Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
Ackard, Lillian B. See Jones, Lillian B. Adair, Christia V. Daniels, 113, 114, 153, 162, 169 Adams, Elaine, 208–209 African American customs and traditions. See black customs and traditions African Americans. See black children and youth; black families; black men; black women African Congregational Church, Paris, 58 African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), 90–91, 169–70 African slave trade, 14, 16 Afro-Christian tradition, 108–109 agricultural systems: crop-lien, 78–79; sharecropping, 130; smallholdings , 86–88; tenant farming, 78, 100, 130 agricultural workers: black women as, 78–79, 100; economic conditions of, 48–49, 78, 130; sharecroppers, 130; tenant farmers, 78, 100, 130 Ake, Washington, 42 all-black communities (freedom colonies ), 100, 106 AMA (American Missionary Association ), 51, 62, 143 Amanda (freedwoman), 40–41 AME (African Methodist Episcopal Church), 90–91, 169–70 American Missionary Association (AMA), 51, 62, 143 Ames, Jessie Daniel, 115 Anderson, Ada, 163, 168 Anderson, Louiza, 87 Anderson, Mary Bingham August, 140 Anderson, Milly, 89–90 Andrews, Mrs. R. C., 113 Andrews, Naomi Cox, 203 Annie Mae Carpenter et al. v. Stephen F. Austin State University, 183 Anti-Death Penalty Coalition, 164 Anti-Klan Coalition, 164 apprenticeship statutes, 42–43, 62 Armstrong, Denise, 185 Armstrong, Mary, 16, 47, 83 artists, visual, 122, 135, 170–71 arts and letters: in Depression era, 135; dramatic artists, 122, 135; visual artists, 122, 135, 170–71. See also literature, black; musicians; writers assistance organizations and programs. See relief organizations and programs Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching, 115 athletes, 185–86 Atlas Dress Company, Houston, 138 Austin: community welfare in, 51, 146; integration of public facilities, 163; March on Austin, 162–63 aviation, 102, 180, 214 Ayers, Vivian, 171 Bagsby, Dionne, 206–207 Ball, Petsey, 47 Banes, Alice, 85 Baptist Church, 29, 90, 108, 169–70 index 236 Index Barbour, Mrs. Robert, 198 Barnes, Fae. See Jones, Maggie Barnes, Marian E., 171 Barnett, Marguerite Ross, 179, 209 Barr, Amelia, 39, 49–50 Barrett, Harriet, 49 Baylor, Sadie, 109 Bendy, Minerva, 40, 74, 82–83 benevolent aid societies, 91–92. See also relief organizations and programs Bennett, Gwendolyn, 118–19, 120, 135 Bennett, Sarah, 81 Bethune, Mary McLeod, 140 Birney, Zinetta, 203 Bishop College, Marshall, 85, 142 Black Arts Movement, 171 black children and youth: care for orphans, 57, 77, 91–92; child apprenticeship laws, 42–43, 62; Dallas Youth Council, NAACP, 161; of enslaved mothers, 26, 27–28, 42–43, 59; of families separated in slavery, 16, 20; health care issues of, 189; held as slaves, after emancipation , 41–42; Jack and Jill Club, 146, 168; legitimacy of, 61, 77; National Youth Administration, 133–34; parents’ expectations for, after emancipation, 39; search for, after emancipation, 21–22, 47; State School for Juvenile Negro Youths, 147; as wealth for slaveholders, 17, 19, 20, 21, 27 black codes, 42–44, 48–49, 62 black communities: freedom colonies, 100, 106; making community, 1, 5–6, 7, 8, 103–104; role of churches in, 57–58, 108–109; role of women’s clubs in, 145–47; slave communities, 5, 22, 26–28, 29 black customs and traditions: African arts and traditions, 20, 27, 28–29; Black Arts Movement, 171; spiritual traditions, 28–29, 109; taking pride in history and culture, 168 black families: divorce and remarriage, 187–88; middle class, 99, 103; role of men in, 23–24, 103; role of women in, 6, 102–104, 172, 188; separation of, after emancipation, 42–43, 46–47, 58–60; separation of, in slavery , 15–16, 20–22; in slave culture, 19–21, 22–24, 59; sources of conflict in, 135; strengthening of, 60–63, 135. See also marriage black feminist movement, 186–87 Black Girl (Franklin), 171 Black History Week, 106 black men: desertion of families, 59, 61–62; employment issues, 141; life expectancy of, 75–76; role in family structure, 23–24, 103; separation from families, 59; in slavery, 16–17, 23–24 Blackshear, Thomas, 49 black women: accomplishments of, 172, 189–90, 215–16; current problems of, 188–89, 194–96; leadership role in civil rights movement, 149–54, 160, 165–68, 215; leadership role in education, 143–44, 178–80, 201, 208–13; making community, 1, 5–6, 7, 8, 26–29, 103–104; response to opportunities, 49–50; response to racial and gender barriers, 55, 63; role in family structure, 58–59, 62–64, 74–78, 102–104, 188; role in rising middle class, 103 Black Women’s United Front (BWUF), 164 Blanks, Julia, 75...