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Acknowledgments many people and organizations contributed to the completion of this work. I thank especially O. L. Davis Jr. for introducing me to Anna Pennybacker and suggesting her life and work were worthy of in-depth study. His careful comments and editing have shaped every part of this work. Don Carleton, director of the Center for American History at the University of Texas, provided invaluable insight into the wealth of resources available there. Dr. Carleton, Sherry Field, Mary Lee Webeck, and Chara Bohan provided unfailing encouragement and insightful feedback, and David Alexander provided wise guidance in difficult times. The librarians, archivists, and other staff at the Center for American History, the University of Texas, the University of North Texas, Texas Women’s University, and the General Federation of Women’s Clubs provided such knowledgeable and pleasant support that I enjoyed my many hours of research in these collections. Thank you especially to Ann Barton of the Blagg-Huey Library Women’s Collection at Texas Women’s University. Her precise knowledge of the Texas Federation of Women’s Clubs provided essential clues to deciphering sometimes cryptic letters. I have greatly appreciated the time and efforts of Dawn Letson at Texas Woman’s University and Jonathan Schmitz and Jason Rodriguez at the Chautauqua Institution who were invaluable in helping me locate images of Anna Pennybacker to include here. Thank you as well to my reviewers and editors at Texas A&M University Press for their careful reading and detailed, insightful comments. Institutional support for this project took many forms. The University of North Texas has supported my work for the last three years and has fundedmytraveltonumerousconferencestodiscussAnnaPennybacker’s life and work. Research travel and other expenses were covered in part ix Acknowledgments x by the Ellen Clarke Temple Award in the Study of Women and by a travel grant from the General Federation of Women’s Clubs. My biggest debt is to my parents, Hugh and Diane King, who cared more for my children than any grandparents should be called on to do. Without them, none of this would have been possible. Finally, I thank my children, Vashti and Elijah—Eli for completing homework at a dining table littered with drafts and books, and Vashti for delaying flute practice each night until Mom was done writing. ...

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