Assumed Identities: The Meanings of Race in the Atlantic World

Index

149 abolitionists, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  n Abreu, Limpo de, –,  Africa and Africanization, , , , , ,  Africans, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  Benguela, ,  Congo, , ,  Cabinda, , , ,  Fulbe/Peul/Poulard, –,  n Mina, ,  Mozambique, , ,  Senegambian,  American Revolutionary war, , , , ,  Angomar brothers,  Aubert, Marie Blanche, widow, , –, , ,  n,  n,  notes  and  Auger/Augé, –,  Azor, Noel,  baptism [see also Identity, Christian], , –, , , , , ,  n in the Chesapeake, , , , , –, , – and godparents, , , –, , –, , , , , ,  as a tool of conquest, – Barbacena, Marquis of, –, ,  Bayot, Suzette, , ,  n,  n Beckford, William,  blackness [see also whiteness], , , , , –,  Blair, James,  Bocquet de Frévent, Martin-Ollivier , passim Bordeaux, , , ,  Brown, Christopher, – Brunias, Agostino, ,  Cap Français, , , , , , , , ,  Castaing, Guillaume, ,  n Catillah, William, – Chavannes, Jean-Baptiste, , , , , , , , , ,  Chavannes family, ,  “civilization vs. savagery,” , , , ,  citizenship, –, , , , , , , ,  and voting rights, , , , ,  Clarkson,Thomas, ,  clothing , , – Index 150 I N D E X coffee, , –, , , , , ,  Conrad, Robert, , ,  Couba, Alexis, ,  n creoles, , , , , –, ,  Curaçao, ,  Dejoly, Etienne, ,  demography, ,  n, ,  Dessalines, Jean-Jacques,  Détry, Jean Lambert, ,  notes , , and  Dieudonné, Elizabeth, see Vincent, Elizabeth Dieudonné Driggus family, ,  Duhart family, , , ,  n education ,  n, –, , , , , , , ,  Edwards, Bryan,  emancipation, , ,  and baptism, , –, , , , ,  and Christianity, , ,  and documents, [see also notaries]  n, –, , , ,  n, , , , , , ,  decreed by France, –,  revoked by France, ,  for military service,  through legal appeals, , –, ,  Faubert, Pierre,  Foote, Samuel,  Franklin, Benjamin, –, ,  Free people of color Artibonite region, ,  Cap Français, , ,  enslaved or re-enslaved, , , , ,  n Grande-Rivière region, , , ,  in the Chesapeake, – in France, , ,  in Jamaica,  in New Orleans, –,–,  in Paris, , , , ,  in Rio de Janeiro, , , –,  in Saint-Domingue, , , , ,  Jérémie and Les Abricots, –, ,  Mirebalais region, ,  Port-au-Prince, , ,  under British occupation,  freedom (from slavery), see emancipation French Revolution, , , , , , , , ,  Gama, Luiz,  Garran-Coulon, , , , godparentage, [see also Baptism, Godparents] , , ,  n Godwyn, Morgan, –, Gowen, Mihil, , Graweere, John, –, , Guillaume, Marthe, , , , , , ,  n gender [see also sex] attitudes about women, , , –,  and race, , – Haitian Revolution, , –, , –, , , – identity African, [see also African-ness, Africanization ], , , , , ,  and names, –, , , , –, , , , ,  n,  n,  n,  notes and  and language, –, , –, , ,  as a slave, , –, , , – [British]West Indian, , ,  British/English, , –, , , , , , ,  British North Americans, , ,  Christian, , –, , , , , ,  defined –, ,  expressed in images, , , –, ,  Haitian, ,  Son of Africa,  Indians (American), –, , , , , , , , , , –, , , , ,  Jamaica, , , , , , , –,  James, C.L.R., ,  Index 151 Johnson, Anthony, and family, ,  Jouvert brothers,  Key family, – Lacombe, Augustin, ,  Lafayette, Marquis de, ,  laws and identity, –, , , –, ,  in the Chesapeake, –, , , ,  n in Louisiana, , , , , ,  n,  n in Saint-Domingue,  n of  [Brazil], –, ,  lawsuits, , , , , , , ,  Les Cayes, Saint-Domingue, , ,  London, , , ,  Long, Edward, , , –, ,  Lucas,  Madiou,Thomas, , –,  Mamigonian, Beatriz,  manumission, see emancipation Maximiano, Damásio, – Metappin, – militia, military, , , –, , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , , , , , ,  Mongol, Jean-Baptiste, , ,  n Nabuco de Araújo,  New Orleans, Louisiana, –, –,  notaries/scribes ,  n, , , , , ,  Nussbaum, Felicity, , , – Ogé, Jacques, , , ,  Ogé, Jean-Pierre, , , – Ogé jeune, Vincent,  early life, – family members, , , , , , , – historiography, –, , , , , ,  post-revolt, –, – revolt, , , – Olivier, Vincent, ,  Oroonoko ( play by Thomas Southerne),  Otis, James,  Ossé, Angélique, ,  Payne, Francis,  Pocahontas/Metoaka, – Port-au-Prince, Saint-Domingue, , ,  Queiróz, Eusébio de, –, , –, , , , –,  race, –, , , – and climate, ,  racism, , , , –, , , , , , , , –, –,  expressed in images, , –, ,  expressed in theatrical works, , – gender-specific aspects, , –, racial mixture , , , , , , –, , –, , –, ,  n,  n Raimond, Julien, , , ,  n Ramsey, James, , , , Rigaud, André, , , , ,  n Rosalie, see Vincent, Rosalie Santiago, Cuba, –, , , ,  n,  n Santo Domingo, , , –, ,  Schoelcher, Victor,  slavery, ,  and Christianity, historiography, –, – slave trade, , , –, , , , ,  slave stealing, , –, – Slenes, Robert,  Stedman, John, ,  Soulouque, Faustin,  sex [see also gender], , , , , , , ,  Tessier,  Tinchant, Jacques, , , , ,  notes  and  Tinchant, Edouard, –, , ,  n Toussaint L’Ouverture, , ,  152 I N D E X Vashon, Georges Boyer, ,  violence, , , , , ,  Vincent, Michel, –, , , , , , , ,  n, , n,  n Vincent, Elizabeth Dieudonné, , , – , , , , ,  n,  n,  notes  and  Vincent, Rosalie/Rosalie of the Poulard nation, , , ,  n African past, ,  n in Cuba, – in New Orleans, –,  n in Saint-Domingue, –, – other children of, , , , , , ,  n Wanderley, João Maurício, – Wilson, Kathleen, ,  whiteness [see also blackness], , , , , –, –, ,  ...