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Chapter 1 1 Herodotus, The History, trans. David Grene (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), 1987. All subsequent citations from this edition will follow a book/paragraph format. 2 I owe this insight—that the different ways in which people speak and understand speech is crucial to Herodotus—to Norma Thompson, Herodotus and the Origins of the Political Community: Arion’s Leap (New Haven: Yale University Press), 1996. 3 For the complexity of Herodotus’ speech, see Christiane Sourvinou-Inwood, “Herodotus (and others) on Pelasgians: Some Perceptions of Ethnicity,” in Herodotus and His World: Essays from a Conference in Memory of George Forrest, eds. Peter Derow and Robert Parker (Oxford: Oxford University Press), 2003. 4 For an alternative view, see John K. Davies, “Democracy without Theory,” in Herodotus and His World, ed. Derow and Parker, 2003. Benardete suggests that since a relation to the fourth and highest cut of Plato’s divided line, called noesis or “intellection,” cannot be found in the Histories, Herodotus, unlike Plato, does not philosophize. See Seth Benardete, Herodotean Inquiries (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff), 1969. 5 For a similar view, see Henry P. Immerwahr, Form and Thought in Herodotus (Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1966). 6 Michael Palmer, Love of Glory and the Common Good: Aspects of the Political Thought of Thucydides (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1992), 10–11. 7 Palmer, 11, 111, 113–14, 117. 8 Clifford Orwin, The Humanity of Thucydides (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994), 194–95, 200–201. Notes 191 9 Orwin, 195, 198, 200, 204. 10 See Steven Forde, The Ambition to Rule: Alcibiades and the Politics of Imperialism in Thucydides (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), 6, 198–99. 11 Forde, 7, 196–98, 208, 210. 12 See Gregory Crane, Thucydides and the Ancient Simplicity: The Limits of Political Realism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 241, 247–50, 254. 13 Crane, 239–41, 252. 14 See Laurie M. Johnson, Thucydides, Hobbes, and the Interpretation of Realism (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1993), xii, 28, 214. 15 Johnson, xii, 27, 29, 31–32, 214. 16 Jack Riley, “Freedom and Empire: The Politics of Athenian Imperialism,” in Thucydides’ Theory of International Relations: A Lasting Possession, ed. Lowell S. Gustafson (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000), 122–23, 138–39, 142–45, 148–49. 17 Riley, 120–21, 144. 18 Leo Strauss, “On Thucydides’ War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians,” in The City and Man (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964), 192–93, 209. 19 Strauss, “On Thucydides’ War,” 228–29. 20 For an alternative view see Francois Hartog, The Mirror of Herodotus: The Representation of the Other in the Writing of History, trans. Janet Lloyd (Berkeley: University of California Press), 1978. 21 Strauss uses the categories of rest and motion to analyze Thucydides’ history of the Peloponnesian war. See Strauss, “On Thucydides’ War,” 140, 156–57, 159, 160. 22 Most scholars who study Herodotus’ understanding of the best regime focus on either the theoretical regimes expressed in the Persian debate on government in book 3, or on Herodotus’ discussion of the actual historical regimes that come to be and exist in time in books 5–9. For scholars who focus on the theoretical regimes of the Persian debate, see Stanley Rosen, The Quarrel Between Philosophy and Poetry (New York: Routledge, 1988); and Stewart Flory, The Archaic Smile of Herodotus (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1987). For scholars who focus on Herodotus’ account of regimes in history, see Carl Page, “Thumos and Thermopylae: Herodotus vii: 238,” Ancient Philosophy 16:2 (1996): 301–31; Binyamin Shimron, Politics and Belief in Herodotus (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1989); Charles W. Fornara, Herodotus: An Interpretive Essay (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971); Martin Ostwald, Nomos and the Beginnings of the Athenian Democracy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969); and E. N. Tigerstedt, The Legend of Sparta in Classical Antiquity (Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell, 1965). Donald Lateiner, as I do, provides an insightful analysis of Herodotus’ understanding of the best regime in light of the Histories as a whole. See Donald Lateiner, The Historical Method of Herodotus (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989). 23 See, for instance, Aristotle, Poetics, trans. Gerald F. Else (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967), 1451b1–10. 192 Notes to pp. 5–13 [54.221.159.188] Project MUSE (2024-03-19 12:05 GMT) 24 For a similar argument see John Marincola, “Herodotus and the Poetry of the Past,” in The Cambridge Companion to Herodotus, ed. Carolyn Dewald and John Marincola (Cambridge: Cambridge...