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Genesis 6
- Baylor University Press
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ת ֶ ת־יָפ ֶ אְו ם ָ ת־ח ֶ א ם ֵ ת־ׁש ֶ א ַ ֹחנ ד ֶ ּיֹול ַו Constituents Shem Cham and Yefet Noach and he fathered Translation Theme Textuality Subject Finite Mood Goal Actor Process Transitivity ד ֶ ּיֹול ַו. Theme: textual > clause conj + Theme: experiential / Finite > wayyiqtol 3ms / Process > hifil ילד. ַ ֹחנ. Subject > ms / Actor > nominal group: noun proper. ת ֶ ת־יָפ ֶ אְו ם ָ ת־ח ֶ א ם ֵ ת־ׁש ֶ א. Goal > nominal group complex: goal marker - noun proper ׀ goal marker - noun proper ׀ group conj + goal marker - noun proper ms. The qamets in ת ֶ יָפ is due to stress lengthening. Genesis 6:1-4 1 And it was, when humankind began to multiply on the face of the ground, and daughters were born to them, 2 and the sons of the deity saw the daughters of the humankind, that they are good. And they took for themselves women from all which they chose. 3 And YHVH said, “My spirit will not remain in the humankind forever. Since also he is flesh, his days will be 120 years.” 4 And the Nefilim were in the earth in those days —and also afterwards—when the sons of the deity come to the daughters of the humankind and they bear for them. They are the warriors, who from eternity are the men of the name. // ה ֑ ָ מ ָ ד ֲ א ֽ ָ ה ֣י ֵ נ ְ ל־ּפ ַ ע ב ֖ ֹר ָ ל ם ָ֔ ד ָ א ֽ ָ ה ל ֣ ֵ ח ֵ י־ה ִֽ ּכ // ֙ י ִ הְ֣יֽ ַ ו /// ם׃ ֽ ֶ ה ָ ל ּו ֥ ד ְ ּלֻי ֹות ֖נ ָ ּוב י ִ יְה ַו. (a) Textuality > conj paratactic expansion / Mood > declarative : past / Transitivity > existential process. There is no explicit Subject / Existent in this clause and no prior component that may be 6:1 Genesis 5:32–6:1 331 absent by ellipsis. This clause functions as the Theme, so to speak, of the clause complex which it introduces. As Theme, it indicates that the following episode happened. It is, after all, a rather strange event, maybe so even in the day of the narrator, and its happenedness needed to be asserted. י ִ יְה ַו Constituents and it was Translation Theme Textuality Finite Mood Process Transitivity י ִ יְה ַו. Theme: textual > clause conj + Theme: experiential / Finite > wayyiqtol 3ms / Process > qal היה. ה ָ מ ָ ד ֲ א ָ ה יֵנ ְ ל־ּפ ַ ע ֹבר ָ ל ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה ל ֵ ח ֵ י־ה ִ ּכ. (b) Textuality > conj hypotactic expansion: temporal / Mood > declarative: past / Transitivity > material: action. ה ָ מ ָ ד ֲ א ָ ה יֵנ ְ ל־ּפ ַ ע ֹבר ָ ל ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה ל ֵ ח ֵ ה י־ ִ ּכ Constituents on the face of the ground to multiply the humankind he began when Translation Theme Textuality Subject Finite Mood Circumstance Process Actor Process Transitivity י־ ִ ּכ. Theme: textual > conj. ל ֵ ח ֵ ה. Theme: experiential / Finite > qatal 3ms / Process > hifil חלל. Along with ֹבר ָ ל it forms a verbal group complex. Typically the two components of a verbal group complex (Finite + Non-finite) are not separated by another constituent, but here the Subject / Actor intervenes. The first verb in a verbal group complex often relates the manner in which the main process unfolds, such as beginning, add332 Genesis 6:1 [3.219.167.163] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 07:10 GMT) ing, continuing, and stopping. In this clause ל ֵ ח ֵ ה he (i.e. they) began relates the start of the main process ֹבר ָ ל to multiply. ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה. Subject > ms / Actor > nominal group: noun common collective . ֹבר ָ ל. Prep + Process > inf const qal רבב. ה ָ מ ָ ד ֲ א ָ ה יֵנ ְ ל־ּפ ַ ע. Circumstance > prep phrase: prep - noun common mp const ׀ def art + noun common fs. ם ֶ ה ָ ל ּוד ְ ּלֻי ֹותנ ָ ּוב. (c) Textuality > conj hypotactic expansion / Mood > declarative: past / Transitivity > material: action. This clause is coordinated with the prior clause, and together they are a hypotactic clause complex that is dependent on clause 6:1(d). The process in clause (c) is expressed using a passive stem, the pual. We might ask ourselves why the representational meaning of this clause was not expressed using an active stem, such as and they had daughters, with ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה the humankind as the Subject / Actor. The reason may lie in transitivity structures. With males, ילד is used in the hifil stem; with females it is used in the qal stem. Perhaps to avoid specifying agency and to be gender inclusive, pual was chosen as the most appropriate stem. ם ֶ ה ָ ל דּו ְ ּלֻי נֹות ָ ּוב Constituents to them they were born and daughters Translation Theme Textuality Finite Subject Mood Beneficiary Process Goal Transitivity נֹות ָ ּוב. Theme: textual > clause conj + Theme: experiential / Subject > fp / Goal > nominal group: noun common. דּו ְ ּלֻי. Finite > qatal 3fp / Process > pual ילד. ם ֶ ה ָ ל. Beneficiary > prep phrase: prep + pronoun suffix 3mp, antecedent is ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה the humankind in the prior clause. It seems that when the collective term ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה appears explicitly in a clause, it is treated as Genesis 6:1 333 singular by the Finite verb in that clause. But when it is later referenced , as it is here by ם ֶ ה ָ ל to them, it is treated as a plural. ת ֖ ֹבֹט י ִ֥ ּכ / ם ָ֔ ד ָ א ֽ ָ ה ֹות ֣נ ְ ת־ּב ֶ א ֙ ים ִ ֹלה ֱ א ֽ ָ י־הֵנ ְ ב ּו ֤ א ְ רִּי ַו // רּו׃ ֽ ָ ח ָ ּב ר ֥ ֶ ׁש ֲ א ל ֖ ֹּכ ִ מ ים ִ֔ ׁשָנ ֙ ם ֶ ה ָ ל ּו ֤ ח ְ קִּי ַו // ה ָּנ֑ ֵ ה ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה נֹות ְ ת־ּב ֶ א ים ִ ֹלה ֱ א ָ י־הֵנ ְ ב אּו ְ רִּי ַו. (a) Textuality > conj paratactic expansion / Mood > declarative: past / Transitivity > mental : perception. ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה נֹות ְ ת־ּב ֶ א ים ִ ֹלה ֱ א ָ י־הֵנ ְ ב אּו ְ רִּי ַו Constituents the daughters of the humankind the sons of the deity and they saw Translation Theme Textuality Subject Finite Mood Phenomenon Senser Process Transitivity אּו ְ רִּי ַו. Theme: textual > clause conj + Theme: experiential / Finite > wayyiqtol 3mp / Process > qal ראה. ים ִ ֹלה ֱ א ָ י־הֵנ ְ ב. Subject > mp (יֵנ ְ ב) / Senser > nominal group: noun common mp const - def art + noun common mp. ם ָ ד ָ א ָ ה נֹות ְ ת־ּב ֶ א. Phenomenon > nominal group: goal marker - noun common fp const ׀ def art + noun common...