The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls

CONTENTS

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pp. 6-7

1: JOHN THE BAPTIZER AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

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pp. 8-43

One fascinating question has preoccupied experts since the beginning of the study of the Dead Sea Scrolls, which were first discovered in the winter of 1947. It is the relationship between John the Baptizer (or the Baptist) and the community of religious men who...

2: THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS AND THE HISTORICAL JESUS

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pp. 44-67

This subject requires some critical focusing for historical investigation. The Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) are texts, while Jesus was a person, and almost certainly one who did not read texts. Moving the focus from the scrolls to the community that produced them...

3: THE FUTURE OF A RELIGIOUS PAST

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pp. 68-80

I came to the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS = Qumran Scrolls) as a student of the New Testament. This remarkable set of documents played a major role in the way Early Judaism took shape and came alive for me. One fragment in particular,...

4: THE SYNOPTIC GOSPELS AND THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

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pp. 82-103

This essay offers little that is new; its primary purpose is to assess some of the significant gains in the study of the Synoptic Gospels in light of the discovery and publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls.¹ But it also hopes to show that...

5: A STUDY IN SHARED SYMBOLISM AND LANGUAGE

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pp. 104-159

The Dead Sea Scrolls comprise a Jewish library from the land and time of Jesus.¹ The library was found in eleven caves on the northwestern shores of the Dead Sea, one of the lowest places on the earth. Some of the caves form a semicircle to the south and west of an...

6: THE IMPACT OF SELECTED QUMRAN TEXTS ON THE UNDERSTANDING OF PAULINE THEOLOGY

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pp. 160-193

The following “parallels” have been collected and selected by the Munich project “Qumran and the New Testament,” which I brought into being and which I later confined for my own work mainly to Qumran and the authentic letters of...

7: QUMRAN’S SOME WORKS OF TORAH (4Q394–399 [4QMMT]) AND PAUL’S GALATIANS

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pp. 194-209

Some Works of Torah (4QMMT, or Halakic Letter = 4Q394–399)² is another example of the paradigmatic importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls for understanding Christian Origins. The title of this text, if it ever had one, has not been preserved. Its present title derives...

8: HOW THE SCROLLS IMPACTED SCHOLARSHIP ON HEBREWS

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pp. 210-237

The relationship of the Dead Sea Scrolls to the New Testament has been the subject of considerable scholarly debate over the course of the last half century.¹ The Epistle to the Hebrews, with its distinctive Christology and exegetical style, has....

9: THE DREAM OF A NEW JERUSALEM AT QUMRAN

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pp. 238-261

This essay is based on the conclusion of many scholars that there was a Jewish sectarian community, whose members were probably Essenes, that emerged in the mid-second century B.C.E. and established communal buildings at the site known today as...

10: THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS AND THE APOCALYPSE OF JOHN

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pp. 262-287

Analysis of the book of Revelation in light of the Dead Sea Scrolls could take several paths methodologically. For instance, one might take a tradition- critical approach, in which one attempts to describe as carefully as possible the form, shape, and evolution...

11: ABOUT THE DIFFERING APPROACH TO ATHEOLOGICAL HERITAGE

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pp. 288-324

In the middle of the twentieth century, two sensational archaeological discoveries have enriched the research on the New Testament in a special way: on the one hand the discovery of the so-called Nag Hammadi writings in upper Egypt (near today’s village Hamra Dom), and on...

12: ECONOMIC JUSTICE AND NONRETALIATION IN THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS

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pp. 326-363

This article takes up two themes pertaining to social morality in the Dead Sea Scrolls—economic justice and nonretaliation—and assesses their significance for understanding early Christian texts. With regard to these topics, both continuities and discontinuities...

13: ATONEMENT

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pp. 364-387

The phrase “to make atonement” in the KJV usually translates a Hebrew word כּפר (kipper), which occurs frequently in the sacrifice rules of the Pentateuch. This has given the word its meaning in modern speech (making up for wrong done) and in Protestant theology,...

14: “THE COMING OF THE RIGHTEOUS ONE” IN 1 ENOCH, QUMRAN, AND THE NEW TESTAMENT

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pp. 388-403

This essay¹ aims at a study of the tradition- and reception-historical context of the expression ἡ ἐλεύσις τοῠ δικαίου, “the Coming of the Righteous One,” found in Acts 7:52, the only passage in the New Testament where it is found—by comparing its...

15: QUMRAN AND SUPERSESSIONISM—AND THE ROAD NOT TAKEN

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pp. 404-413

The topic that has been assigned to me—Qumran and supersessionism— sends me to reflect not so much about the Qumran material as such, but about how my exposure to the Dead Sea Scrolls from Cave 1—in André Dupont-Sommer’s seminar at...

16: THE IMPACT OF THE DEAD SEA SCROLLS ON NEW TESTAMENT INTERPRETATION

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pp. 414-469

For biblical scholarship, the Dead Sea Scrolls¹ (or better, the “library of Qumran”) are by far the most important documentary finds of the twentieth century. Not only the public interest, but also the amount of scholarly publications the Dead Sea Scrolls have caused...

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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pp. 470-591

AUTHOR INDEX

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pp. 592-607

SUBJECT INDEX

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pp. 608-651

BIBLICAL INDEX

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pp. 652-741