American Conversations

Index

Index African Americans: and "acting white," 175; and black pride, 53; in children's literature, 121-22; and cultural pluralists, 43; economic status of. 72; inequality in U.S., 32- 34; and language evaluation in schools, 173-74; and migration, 245n. 3; relations with Puerto Ricans, 64; unemployment among, 73. See also inequality ; minorities Aguirre, Adalberto, 168 Alba, Richard, 41. 48, 51-52, 54-55, 104 American, being: construction of. 6, 19, 34-35, 56, 104, 118; flag, as symbol for, 92, 94, 106-7; narratives on, 84, 91-118, 241 ; negotiation of. 5, 67- 68, 118, 241 American dream: achievement of. Euro-Americans, 15; achievement of. minorities, 15; beliefs in, African Americans, 8; beliefs in, EuroAmericans , 8, 53-54, III ; and ecoonly " discourses, 107; ethnic makeup of. 20, 22-25; ethnic conflict in, 4, 14-15,29- 31. 84-117, 229-30; ethnic neighborhoods in, 22, 24-25; Euro-Americans in, statistics on, 28-29; history of. 20-24; language evaluation in, 30- 31. 101, 107; language treatment in, schools, 84-85; Latino Community Needs Assessment report, 85-86; Latino community in, 23- 25, 28-29, 226- 30; literature canon in, schools, 137-39; media coverage of debate in, 87- 88, 90; minority discourses in, 105-10; NYSED findings, 135-36; parent (Puerto Rican)! school relations in, 226- 30; public forum in, 89- 91. 97-100, 105-9; Puerto Ricans in, 23-31 , 68-69, 226-30; Puerto Rican stereotypes in, 25-26, 29-30, 81; Record (pseudonym ), 21. 31. 87-88, 92, 94, 136; school board, 4, 5,86-89, 134, 136; nomic decline, 53-54; and multicul- senior discourses on minorities, 87, tural education, II; and race, 17 89, 92-105; student ethnicity, 85; Americanization: in Puerto Rico, teachers in, 85; tracking in, 86, 58-60, 78; pressures for. 42-43; and 147-50; unions in, 21-22. See also schools, 43 Puerto Ricans; teachers, Arnhem Anglo-conformity, 42, 103. See also as- Arnhem Record (pseudonym), 21 , 31, similation 87-88, 92, 94, 136 anthropology. See educational anthro- Asian Americans: in Arnhem, 79; and pology; ethnographic research educational performance, 76, 77; antiracist education, 18, 83. See also and immigration laws, 33; inequalmulticultural education ity in U.S., 33- 34; as model minoriApplebee , Arthur, 122-23, 192 ties, 116 Arnhem (pseudonym): Costa Ricans assimilation, 18,43; in Arnhem disin , 23-25, 79, 116, 130; and eco- courses, 95-96; and melting pot nomic decline, 3, 22-23; "English metaphor, 42-43; pressures on Copyrighted Material 277 278 Index assimilation (cant.) immigrants, 42-43; Puerto Rican resistance to, 60-61 , 67- 68. See also Anglo-conformity; melting pot Attinasi, John, 115, 216 Au, Kathryn, 171 Banks, James, 12, 18, 121 Bennett, Adrian, 168 Bereiter, Carl, 167 biculturalism, 67-68. See also diversity; multiculturalism bilingual education: in Amhem discourses , 93-94, 102, 109-10; in Arnhem reforms, 237; resistance to, 11, 53, 83; Puerto Ricans on, 227, struggle for, 70; U.S. history of, 246n. 10. See also bilingualism bilingualism, 2, 83; acquisition of, 250n. 6; Latino Community Needs Assessment on lack of (Amhem), 86; perceived threats of, 83-84, 93-94; Puerto Ricans on, 68, 227; in schools, 233. See also bilingual education ; language; language usage biloquialism, 175-76 Black English, 167, 168, 173-74 Blauner, Robert, 81 Bloome, David, 216 Bourdieu, Pierre, 56, 165-66 Bowles, Samuel, 39, 43, 45 Bruce-Noboa, James, 68 Call ofthe Wild, 138 Candeloro, Dominic, 50 canon: challenges to, 6, 121-23, changes in literature and, 122; resistance to changing, 123; selection criteria for (Arnhem), 137-39, 141-42. See also curriculum; literature ; literature, multicultural Cantril, Hadley, 36 Chicanos: and identity, 68; student resistance, 175; and unequal treatment , 32-33. See also Mexican Americans Chock, Phyllis, 18 dvil rights movements: and immigration laws, 34; and multiculturalism, 6-8, 53; outcomes of, 53; and Puerto Ricans, 67, 70; and race discourses, 18, 53-55; and white ethnics, 53-54 class, social: and college attendance, 247n. 14; and cultural capital, 164-66; and educational anthropologists , 9-10; and educational performance , 48, 79; growing income inequality , 74, 248n. 11; and maintenance of ethnidty (Puerto Ricans), 63; middle, as school norm, 167, 169-70; mobility, and economic expansion, 50-52; mobility, and teacher attitudes, 56; moral evaluation of, 111, 113-16, 120; and multicultural education, 8, 10, 195; in multicultural literature, 19; and parent relations to schools, 228-29; position, and IQ testing, 39; reproduction, and schooling, 45-46; and resistance to multiculturalism, 53-54; student, and...