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❖ Index ACT UP, 12, 168 Action Française, 143 Adorno, Theodor, 57, 185n7 Advertising, 3, 58, 97, 103, 104, 108–110, 113, 114, 115–116, 173, 175, 179 Aesthetic sphere, 6–10, 22–25, 31, 34, 41, 62–67, 73–79, 84–85, 87, 91–92, 99, 101, 119, 120, 123, 125, 136, 142, 145, 149, 154, 168, 173, 180–183; autonomy of, 17, 25, 65, 67, 73, 93–94, 96, 98–99, 101, 109, 135, 155, 180–181, 184; changes in, 109–110; contemporary era, 107–108; history of, 93–96 Aesthetics: aesthetic economy, 108, 110, 114–116, 154, 181; “aesthetics of existence,” 75, 93, 110, 124, 174, 177; defined, 6–7; “invisible aesthetics,” 16, 33–34 AFL-CIO, 123, 171 Alexander, Jeffrey, 15–16, 26, 29–31, 36, 41, 44, 47–48, 49 Althusser, Louis, 53, 157 American Federation of Labor, 123, 128 American Knights of Labor, 126 Anarchism, 1, 4, 62, 100, 106, 107, 110, 121, 122, 125, 127, 129, 134, 135–136, 137, 138, 157, 163, 169, 170 Arendt, Hannah, 7, 38 Aronowitz, Stanley, 175 Art: avant-garde, 5, 8, 70, 72, 78, 92–93, 99, 100–101, 109, 122–123, 127, 134–136, 145, 149, 181; democratization of, 99, 181; high versus low, 6, 17, 26, 33, 99, 103, 104, 181; modernist, 109, 122; neo-impressionist, 135–136; post-impressionist, 101; street art, 3, 11, 46, 96–97, 101–103, 119–120, 157, 162–164, 175; surrealism, 101, 152, 158, 165. See also Bohemians; Culture; Postmodernism Authenticity, 1, 4–5, 7–9, 11, 15, 22, 25, 27–29, 34, 37–39, 41, 46–47, 50, 61, 66, 67, 78, 85, 93, 94, 97, 99, 101, 107–110, 119–120, 122–125, 131, 134–137, 139, 142–145, 149, 150–156, 158, 165–168, 174, 180–182; “authentic self,” 3, 8–9, 27, 64, 67, 71, 74–75, 108, 122, 166, 168 210 ▪ Index Bakhtin, Mikhail, 84 Barnum, P. T., 103–104 Baudelaire, Charles, 17, 134 Bauman, Zygmunt, 78, 110–111, 113, 116 Benjamin, Walter, 2, 6, 25–26, 99, 141, 148 Biopower, 57–58, 116 Bohemians, 5, 8–10, 17, 25, 41, 62, 72, 79, 92–102, 107, 154–155, 162, 167; and capitalism, 96–98; contemporary, 108, 114, 116, 119–120; and syndicalism, 62, 122, 125, 127, 128, 133–137; and urban life, 96–98 Bolshevism, 99, 145 Bonaparte, Louis, 135, 183 Bourdieu, Pierre, 15–17, 65 Bourses du Travail, 1, 129, 137 Butler, Judith, 34–35, 194n31 Capitalism, 3, 4, 7–9, 27–28, 32, 33, 46, 64, 66, 92–94, 96–103, 108–120, 134, 135, 137–141, 146, 153, 155, 157; and artists, 99–102; and bohemianism, 96–98; development of, 10, 18, 27; emotional capitalism, 113, 117; and fascism, 148–149; global, 3–4, 12, 21–22, 51, 56–60, 85, 92, 110–112, 118–119, 153–154, 168–178, 180–182; and imperialism, 56–57, 164; and labor, 122–129, 135, 139–141, 151; post-Fordist, 5, 92, 112–113, 153–154, 156, 169, 175, 177. See also Global justice movement; Neoliberalism Carnival, 1, 3, 5, 9–11, 31, 34, 42, 43, 59, 63–64, 79, 91, 92, 102–109, 116, 117, 119–120, 143, 181, 194n31; and fascism, 123–124, 145, 150; global justice movement, 48, 171–172, 173, 175, 179; and labor, 62, 123–125, 132–133, 159; May (1968), 165; and popular culture, 9–10, 102–107, 165, 194n31. See also Festivals Castoriadis, Cornelius, 8–9, 16, 36–41, 78, 85, 119 CGT. See Confédération Général du Travail Chartists, 126, 133 Civil rights movement, 45, 48, 60, 61, 118, 153 Civil society, 10, 26, 29–30, 34–36, 44, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 56, 58–59, 61, 66, 153 Clemenceau, Georges, 132 Coffee houses, 18, 23, 95, 96, 130 Cohn-Bendit, Daniel, 159 Colt, Samuel, 103–104 Communicative action, 10, 24, 177, 188n4. See also Habermas, Jürgen Communism, 3, 55, 109, 124, 128, 137, 138, 145–146, 157, 161, 163, 177. See also Soviet Union; Soviets Communist Party: France, 157; U.S., 128. See also Communism Confédération Général du Travail (CGT), 1, 11, 122, 126, 128–130, 139, 151. See also Labor; Syndicalism, French; Unions Consumerism, 3, 28, 33, 52, 92, 97–98, 100–101, 104, 108, 110–112, 115–116, 119–120, 146, 156, 158, 160, 163, 165, 179. See also Capitalism Courbet, Gustave, 133–135 Craftsmanship, 9, 28, 74–75, 96, 98, 100, 125...

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