Courts Liberalism And Rights: Gay Law And Politics In The United States and Canada

Notes

Notes CHAPTER 1 1. 2 S.C.R. 3 (1999). 2. “Quebec Oks Civil Unions, Adoption Rights,” PlanetOut.com, June 7, 2002; “Controversial Same Sex Bill Passes Commons,” Canadian Press Newswire, April 11, 2000. 3. Clifford Krauss, “Canadian Leaders Agree to Propose Gay Marriage Law,” New York Times, June 18, 2003; “Gay marriage presented to Canadian court,” Associated Press Canada, October 6, 2004. 4. 49 U.S. 186 (1986). The Supreme Court has, however, recently overruled this decision in Lawrence v. Texas using language that might signal a change in outlook toward same-sex marriage. 5. Abram Chayes, “The Role of the Judge in Public Law Litigation,” Harvard Law Review (1976), 1308. 6. Patrick Atiyah and Robert Sommers, Form and Substance in Anglo-American Law (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), 377. 7. Ibid., 391. 8. See Nancy Maveety and Anke Grosskopf, “ ‘Constrained’ Constitutional Courts as Conduits for Democratic Consolidation,” Law and Society Review 38:3 (2004), 463–88; Rachael A. Cichowski, “Women’s Rights, the European Court, and Supranational Constitutionalism ,” Law and Society Review 38:3 (2004), 489–513; Neal C. Tate and Torbjorn Vallinder, eds., The Global Expansion of Judicial Power (New York: NYU Press, 1995). 9. Charles Epp, The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998); Ran Hirschl, Towards Jurisdocracy: The Origins and Consequences of the New Constitutionalism (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004). 10. R. Shep Melnick, Between the Lines: Interpreting Welfare Rights (Washington, D.C.: Brookings, 1994), 16. 11. Ibid., 274. 12. Ibid., 280. 13. Elizabeth Bussiere, (Dis)Entitling the Poor: The Warren Court, Welfare Rights, and the American Political Tradition (University Park, Penn.: Penn State University Press, 1997). 14. See Mary Ann Glendon, Rights Talk: The Impoverishment of Political Discourse (Free Press, 1993), and Stuart Scheingold, The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy and Political Change, 2nd ed. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004). 15. See Robert Dahl, “Decision-Making in a Democracy: The Supreme Court as a National Policymaker,” Journal of Public Law 6 (1957), 279–295; Martin Shapiro, “Political Jurisprudence, Kentucky Law Journal 52 (1964), 294; Gerald Rosenberg, The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change? (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). 16. DavidA.J.Richards.TolerationandtheConstitution(NewYork:OxfordUniversity Press, 1986), 12. 17. Scheingold, The Politics of Rights, 107. 200 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1 18. Ibid., 123. 19. Ibid., 214. 20. Rosenberg, The Hollow Hope, 12. 21. Ibid., 338. 22. Ibid., 167–69, 178–80. 23. Ibid., 341–42. 24. Jonathan Goldberg-Hiller, The Limits to Union: Same-Sex Marriage and the Politics of Civil Rights (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002), 223–24. 25. Rosenberg, The Hollow Hope, 339. 26. Donald Horowitz, The Courts and Social Policy (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1977). 27. Ibid., 41. 28. See, for example, William Lasser, The Limits of Judicial Power (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1988); Alexander M. Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch: The Supreme Court at the Bar of Politics (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986). 29. See Herbert Jacob, Justice in America: Courts, Lawyers, and the Judicial Process, 4th ed. (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1984), 16–19. 30. See Bickel, The Least Dangerous Branch. 31. Lee Epstein and Joseph F. Kobylka, The Supreme Court and Legal Change: Abortion and the Death Penalty (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992), 21–22. Epstein and Kobylka cite David Barnum, “The Supreme Court and Public Opinion: Judicial Decision Making in the Post-New Deal Period,” Journal of Politics 47 (1985), 652–66; Gregory Caldiera, “Courts and Public Opinion,” in The American Courts: A Critical Assessment , John B. Gates and Charles A. Johnson, eds. (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1991); Thomas Marshall, Public Opinion and the Supreme Court (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989). 32. Herbert Jacob, “Decision Making in Trial Courts,” in The American Courts: A Critical Assessment, John B. Gates and Charles A. Johnson, eds. (Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 1991), 219. 33. Michael McCann, “How the Supreme Court Matters in American Politics,” in The Supreme Court in American Politics: New Institutionalist Interpretations, Howard Gillman and Cornell Clayton, eds. (Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1999), 64. 34. Michael McCann, Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 282. See also John Brigham, The Constitution of Interests: Beyond the Politics of Rights (New York: NYU Press, 2000). 35. McCann, “How the Supreme Court Matters,” 81. 36. Ibid., 67. 37. Gerald N...