Interest Groups and Health Care Reform across the United States

List of Tables and Figures

tables and Figures Tables 1.1 National Lobbying Organizations, 1996, Compared with State Lobbying Organizations, 1997 21 1.2 Profit and Nonprofit Lobbying Organizations at the State (1997) and National (1996) Levels 24 2.1 Key Concepts of the ESA Model 46 2.2 Subguild Means 52 2.3 Subguild Intercorrelations 53 3.1 Heckman Estimates of Adoption, Revision, and Generosity of State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, Time Series 1990–2001 80 4.1 Types of Managed Care Regulations Adopted by the States 105 4.2 Ordinary-Least-Squares Model of Determinants of HMO Regulation by States, Cross-Sectional Model Using 1997–99 Averages 112 5.1 Ordered Logit Analyses of Determinants of Weighted Universal Coverage Policy Events, Pooled 1988–2002 142 5.2 Ordered Logit Analyses of Determinants of Weighted Universal Coverage Policy Events* Policy Scope, Pooled 1988–2002 144 A2.1 Descriptions of Health Interest Organization Subguilds 179 A2.2 States Ranked by Health Interest Group Density 183 A2.3 Density by Subguild, Raw Numbers in 1998 185 A3.2 ESA Model of Lobby Registrations, 1990 and 1999 192 A4.2 Managed Care Regulation Descriptive Statistics 196 A4.3 Definitions and Sources of Independent Variables 198 x | TABLES AND FIGURES Figures 1.1 Lobbyists by Health Subsector, 1998–2009 10 1.2 Federal Lobby Registrations for Health Reform, 2009–10 11 2.1 State Health Interest Group Density, 1990–99 49 2.2 Health Interest Organization Density Map, 1999 50 2.3 Numbers of Health PACs and Interest Organizations in the States, 1998 56 2.4 Contributions of Health PACs and Interest Organizations in the States, 1998 57 3.1 New and Cumulative Number of State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, 1974–2009 66 3.2 Number of Newspaper Stories on Pharmaceutical Assistance for Seniors, 1975–2001 78 4.1 Frequency Distribution of Anti–Managed Care Regulations Adopted by States 106 4.2 Number of Newspaper Stories on Managed Care Reform, 1994–2003 111 5.1 Discrete Number of Final Universal Coverage Policy Acts by Year, 1988–2002 130 5.2 Weighted Number of Final Universal Coverage Policy Acts by Year, 1988–2002 133 5.3 Weighted Policy Events*Policy Scope, 1988–2002 135 5.4 Number of Newspaper Stories on Universal Health Care, 1987–2003 139 5.5 Weighted Number of Final Universal Coverage Policy Acts, 2003–9 153 5.6 Weighted Policy Events*Policy Scope, 2003–9 153 6.1 Summary of Health Interest Organization Effects on State Reforms 167 ...