Interest Groups and Health Care Reform across the United States

Appendix 3.1: List of Data Sources

Appendix 3.1: List of Data Sources AARP membership data, annual: AARP Public Policy Institute, Reforming the Health Care System: State Profiles (Washington, DC: AARP Public Policy Institute, 2001). Data for 1990–98 were made available by Ethan Bernick. Date of first adoption and later adoptions: National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, 2004 Edition” (2004), www.ncsl.org/programs/health/drugaid.htm. Extent of coverage: National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, 2004 Edition” (2004), www.ncsl .org/programs/health/drugaid.htm. HMO penetration: US Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2000 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2000); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1994 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1994); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1995 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1995); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1996 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1996); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan and Scott Morgan, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 2001 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 2001); Kendra Hovey and Harold Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder 1998 (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1998); Kendra Hovey and Harold Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder 1999 (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1999); Kendra Hovey and Harold Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder 2000 (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2000); Kendra Hovey and Harold Hovey, CQ’s State Fact Finder 2001 (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2001). Income eligibility: National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, 2004 Edition” (2004), www.ncsl .org/programs/health/drugaid.htm; National Governors Association, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, December 17, 2001,” www .nga.org/cda/files/STATEPHARM.pdf; US General Accounting Office, “State Pharmacy Programs: Assistance Designed to Target Coverage and 190 | APPENDIX 3.1 Stretch Budgets: Report to Congressional Requesters,” September 2000, GAO/HEHS-00-162; S. Crystal, T. Trail, K. Fox, and J. Cantor, Enrolling Eligible Persons in Pharmacy Assistance Programs: How States Do It (New York: Commonwealth Fund, 2003). Neighbor adoptions: The proportion of neighboring states, lagged by one year, that had already adopted a drug subsidy policy in previous years. Neighboring states are defined by Berry and Berry (1990, 412). Newspaper stories: an annual count of the terms “senior citizens” and “prescription drugs” in newspaper headlines or lead paragraphs of national newspapers included in the Lexis/Nexis database, lagged by one year. Opinion liberalism: “Erikson, Wright and McIver, CBS / New York Times National Polls, Ideological Identification, 1977–1999,” http://mypage .iu.edu/~wright1/. Per capita gross state product: US Bureau of Economic Affairs, http://www .bea.gov/bea/regional/gsp/. Per capita prescription drug spending: Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1994 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1994); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1995 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1995); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan, Scott Morgan, and Neal Quitno, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 1996 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 1996); Kathleen O’Leary Morgan and Scott Morgan, eds., Health Care State Rankings, 2001 (Lawrence, KS: Morgan Quitno Press, 2001). Percent change in state revenue: the percentage change (increase or decrease) in state revenue from the previous year. Percentage of the population sixty-five years and older: US Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates, http://eire.census.gov/popest/estimates .php. Program limits: National Conference of State Legislatures, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, 2004 Edition,” www.ncsl.org/ programs/health/drugaid.htm; National Governors Association, “State Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs, December 17, 2001,” www.nga.org/ cda/files/STATEPHARM.pdf. Ranney Index, folded: We use the average folded Ranney Index for several periods. The data for the years 1990–94 use the average folded Ranney Index for 1989–94. The data years 1995–98 use the average index for 1995–98. The data years 1999–2001 use the average index from 1999 to 2003. The data were extracted from Virginia Gray and Russell Hanson, List of Data Sources | 191 eds., Politics in the American States: A Comparative Analysis, 6th–8th editions (Washington, DC: CQ Press). State party control: Council of State Governments, The Book of the States, 1990–1991 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 1990); Council of State Governments, The Book of the States, 1992–1993 (Lexington, KY: Council of State Governments, 1992); and...