China's Sent-Down Generation: Public Administration and the Legacies of Mao's Rustication Program

Index

administration of the rustication program , 81–82 bureaucratic control exercised through, 159–60 bureaucratic impersonality in, 112–13 efficiency and effectiveness of, xi–xiii, 1–4, 104, 111–17 failings of, 176–79 implementation at the receiving end, 85–88, 169 ironies created by, 160–61, 176 military and state farms, 82–84, 139–45, 153–56 overall structure and operation, 104–11 personnel involved in, number of, 117–18 the receiving end, efficiency on, 116–17 return to cities, process of, 150–52 rural villages and Inner Mongolian grasslands, 84–85, 131–37, 145–48, 156–59 street-level administrative behavior, 152–59 transporting sent-downs to their destinations , 128–31 administrative culture, impact of rustication on, 118 discretion and power, 121–23, 151–52 guanxi and corruption, 123–28, 150, 164, 178 privileges of bureaucrats, 119–21 agrarian socialism, 26 Anti-Confucius Campaign, 91–92 Anti-Interference Campaign, 44 Antirightist Campaign, 28 Bai, Weimin, 181 Bernstein, Thomas, 7, 86–87, 95–96 Bitter Years of Great Famine, 30–31, 34–35 Bo Yibo, 45 bureaucracy the army and Weberian, 61–63, 68–69 conceptual framework for analyzing, 4–6 continuity of despite the Cultural Revolution , 52–54, 69–71 the First Five-Year Plan and, 19–21, 55 the “iron cage” consequences of, 23–24 Maoist Marxian vs. Chinese Weberian (see Maoist Marxians vs. Chinese Weberians) Mao’s struggle with, xii, 1–6, 18, 22, 25–35 (see also politics of the Cultural Revolution) the new elite, rise of, 22 revolution committees, 70–71 routinization of CCP, the Cultural Revolution and, 51–52 rustication program and, 79, 88, 100– 101 (see also rustication program) war on, the Cultural Revolution as, 38 (see also Cultural Revolution; politics of the Cultural Revolution) Weber’s theory of and Chinese economic development, 19–21 See also public administration “cadre,” 35n.1 Cai, Yonglin, 181–82 Cao Yiou, 42 CCP. See Chinese Communist Party Index 224 Index Chen, Qiang, 182 Chen Boda, 41, 54 Cheng, Wei, 183 Chen Jiangong, 37 Chen Zaidao, 66 China, People’s Republic of (PRC) as party-state, 13n.7, 15 timeline, 1949–1962, 17 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Antirightist Campaign of, 28 bureaucratic power and privileged elites in, 4–6 Mao’s conflicts with the elite bureaucrats of, 26–31, 38 (see also Cultural Revolution; Maoist Marxians vs. Chinese Weberians) “mass line,” definition of, 15–16 party-state, role in, 15 Red Guards and privileged elites in, 48–49 Weberian bureaucratization of (see Chinese Weberians) Chinese Weberians Maoist Marxians vs. (See Maoist Marxians vs. Chinese Weberians; politics of the Cultural Revolution) pragmatic trade-off of freedom for economic development, 24 restoration of, 32 rise of, 18–24 Chu-Chou model, 86 class divisions, 46–51 Confucianism, 46 Confucius, 91–92 Cultural Revolution Anti-Interference Campaign, 44 armed struggle as official policy of, 68–69 beginnings of, 40–43 bureaucracy, failure to achieve goals regarding, 163–64 deescalation of, Mao’s strategic plan for, 69–71 the February countercurrent, 62–65 framework for understanding, 4–6 guanxi and, 124–28 interviewees’ perceptions of bureaucratic administration during, 71–72 the January seizure of power, 56, 59–62 June 18 incident, 44 Mao’s goals in, 2, 4, 69 May 16 Notice, 41 politics of (see politics of the Cultural Revolution) public administration, continued functioning of, 2–3 the Red Guards (see Red Guards) rustication program as culmination of, 75–76 (see also rustication program) timeline of, 39 the Up to the Mountains and Down to the Countryside campaign (see rustication program) the Wuhan Incident, 65–68 Cultural Revolution Small Group, 41–43, 51–52, 54, 56, 61–63, 65–70 Deng, Min, 154, 162n.17, 183–84 Deng, Zhou, 94 Deng Tuo, 41 Deng Xiaoping, 27–28, 31–33, 41, 43–45, 51–52, 54–57, 73n.8, 91–92, 163 Ding, Bin, 3, 20, 34–35, 53, 72, 106–7, 111, 114, 117–18, 122–24, 128–36, 139, 148–51, 157–59, 162n.15, 162n.18, 163, 165, 169, 174–75, 184 Downs, Anthony, 63 Du, Fei, 184–85 Duan, Chao, 53, 102n.5, 112, 114, 117, 120, 124, 137, 148, 157, 162n.14, 172, 185 economic development agrarian socialism, 26 Bitter Years of Great Famine, 30–31, 34–35 communalization as Mao’s antibureaucratic approach to, 24–25 First Five-Year Plan, 18–23, 55, 76 Great Leap Forward, 25, 28–32, 34–35 mass line vs. rational public administration and, 16, 18 public administration...