Grounding Human Rights in a Pluralist World

INDEX

AAA. See American Anthropological Association Abdel-Nour, Farid, 79 absoluteness: of human rights claims, 9, 166–70; in maximalist approaches, 50, 51, 54; and nonderogable rights, 166 acceptance of equality, 113 Ackerley, Brooke, 106 adaptive preferences, 104, 117, 120–21, 198–99n7 adultery, 94, 195–96n14 affiliation, 106, 124 ahimsa (Buddhist), 90–91 Alkire, Sabina, 199n8 altruism, 162 AMC. See argument from marginal cases American Anthropological Association (AAA), 2, 17, 173n3 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (1948), 177n11 American Law Institute, 177n11 Ames, Roger T., 25 Amnesty International, 52, 173n4, 195n14 ancestor worship, 12 Anderson, Elizabeth, 106 animals. See nonhuman animals An-Na’im, Abdullahi A., 78–79, 83, 90 Antigone (Sophocles), 177n9 apartheid, 86 Aquinas, Thomas (saint), 19 argument from conjecture, 84 argument from marginal cases (AMC), 48, 124, 125 argument from queerness, 164 Aristotle: influence on Nussbaum, 104, 114, 115, 200nn14–16; and natural law, 19, 177n9; and species norm, 116 Arneson, Richard, 199n9 Ashoka (emperor), 89 “Asian values” debates, 27, 175n3, 178n16 Augustine (saint), 19 background culture, 97, 194n6 Bangkok Declaration on Human Rights, 179n1 basic vs. complex capabilities, 125–26 Basque separatist movement, 69 Beitz, Charles, 87, 193n5, 194n9 Belgium, physician-assisted suicide in, 13 Benedict, Ruth, 15 benevolent absolutisms, 60, 73, 188n6 Bentham, Jeremy, 21 Bhagavad Gita, 89 Bible: human rights rooted in, 42, 44–46; in maximalist approaches, 33; moral requirements in, 146 225 INDEX Bloom, Irene, 24 Boas, Franz, 15 bodily health and integrity, 105, 108, 122 Bosnia, humanitarian intervention in, 2 Buchanan, Allen, 70 Buddhism: in consensus-based approach, 83; and human dignity, 37. See also engaged Buddhists Burma, engaged Buddhists in, 70 Bush, George W., 174n5 Bybee, Jay S., 196n16 Cahill, Lisa, 165 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (CDHRI, 1990), 4, 31, 32, 34–35, 179n1 capability approach (CA), 7–8, 101–29; assessment of, 140–46; central human functional capabilities list, 105–6; and essentialism, 120–23; extension to nonhuman animals, 123–25; flexibility in implementation, 110–12; and human rights framework, 108–12, 118–25; justification of, 112–18, 125–29; maximalist challenges to, 48; and Nussbaum’s substantive account of justification, 113–16; primer on, 102–8; securing a human right, defined, 119–20; and Sen’s defense of universal norms, 112–13; and species-norm, use of, 123–25; and transcendence, 120–23 capacities-resemblance of imago Dei, 47 capital punishment, 173n4, 174n6 Carter, Jimmy, 174n6 Cassin, René, 23 Catholic Church: and consensusbased approach, 83; and Inquisition, 167; and maximalist approaches, 33; and Northern Ireland conflict, 69 CDHRI. See Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 174n7 central human functional capabilities list, 104–6, 117, 125–26, 199n8, 199n10 Chamarik, Saneh, 90 Chan, Joseph, 24, 78, 90, 91, 195n12 Chang, Peng-chun, 24, 178n14 China: Cultural Revolution in, 14; and ethnocentrism, 24; and UDHR drafting process, 88 Ching, Julia, 25 Christianity: call to love the Other in, 180n4; in consensus-based approach, 83; and cultural relativism, 15; and ethnocentrism, 27; on human dignity, 37; in maximalist approaches, 35, 41–44, 45 Cicero, 19, 177n9 civil disobedience, 204n3 clash of civilizations, 2 226 Index Cohen, G. A., 199n9 Cohen, Joshua, 79 coherence, 131, 156 collective self-governance, 69, 190n16 colonial syndrome, 18 Commission on Human Rights (UN), 23, 135 Commission on the Status of Women (UN), 178n13 common humanity, 32, 114 communitarians, 13–14, 175n4 comparative persuasiveness, 132 compassion, 37, 56, 83, 200n13 complex vs. basic capabilities, 125–26 conferral vs. recognition language, 158, 162 Confucianism, 24–26, 83, 90, 91 conscience. See freedom of religion and conscience consensus-based approaches, 6–7, 77–99; assessment of, 137–40; and consensusencouraging pluralist foundations, 87–96; crosscultural consensus-building, 78–81, 98–99; and local justifications, 91–96; narrow vs. broad pursuits of, 81–84; and political liberalism, 96–98; and restricted lists of rights, 84–87 conservatism, 136 constructivist approaches, 162, 163, 167 contextualism, 17 control over one’s environment, 106 Convention against Torture (UN), 95, 196n16 corporal punishment, 92 Corsican independence movement, 69 cosmopolitanism, 64, 143, 146, 171 Cranston, Maurice, 203n22 criminal justice model, 134 criminal tribunals, international, 173n2 crisis situations, 111–12, 174n7 criterion of reciprocity, 58, 64 cross-cultural issues: consensusbuilding , 78–81, 98–99; and cultural relativism, 12, 15; moral principles in, 17. See also consensus-based approaches; cultural relativism cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment...