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Index abode of Islam/abode of war, – abortion, , , –n Abraham, God’s friendship with, ,  Abrahamic religious traditions, , ,  Abu Yusuf,  Ahmadiyya, ,  ‘A’isha (wife of Muhammad),  AK Party, Turkey, – ‘Alawi, Shaykh, – Algeria, –, ,  Amnesty International,  Anabaptists,  al-Ansari, Farid,  apocalyptic, –, n, , , – apostasy in Islam, , , , –, , , ,  Aristotle,  Augustine of Hippo, – Australia, Muslims in, – Avicenna,  225 Baha’i,  Bakhtiar, Laleh,  Bangladesh,  al-Banna, Hasan, , n, n Baptists,  Bashir, Omar,  Ba‘thism, ,  Beckett Fund for Religious Liberty,  Benedict XVI (pope; formerly Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger), ,  Bernard of Clairvaux,  Bible. See scripture, and specific books Bible citations Numbers ,  Isaiah :,  Ezekiel :–,  :–,  Micah :,   Corinthians :,  226 INDEX Bible citations (continued) Philippians :–,  Colossians :–,   Thessalonians :,   Timothy :–,  bin Ladin, Osama, ,  blasphemy against God,  bodies Brethren of Purity on religious obsession with,  human rights and control of,  of Jesus, , , . See also cruci- fixion of Jesus; Eucharist of Muhammad the prophet, – of prophets,  of saints in Christianity, – of saints in Islam,  of women, , ,  Branch Davidians, – Brethren of Purity, –, , n Britain. See United Kingdom Brotherhood. See Muslim Brotherhood Buraq (Muhammad’s winged steed),  Bush, George W., , ,  al-Buti, Muhammad Sa‘id Ramadan, n, n Butshishiyya, n,  Byzantine liturgy,  Cameron, David,  Canada, veil-wearing in,  cardinal virtues,  Catechism of the Catholic Church, –,  Catholicism. See Roman Catholicism Christian Democracy, –, –n Christianity. See common ground in Islam and Christianity, and more specific entries circumcision, female,  collective versus individual conscience , –, , , , , – colonial rule democracy and, , , – n, n human rights and,  jihad, concept of, , – Colossians, letter to,  common ground in Islam and Christianity, – democracy, –, –. See also democracy doubts about religion, –, . See also religious doubt ethics, –, –. See also ethics in the face of God human rights, –, . See also human rights identity, –, . See also identity and religious belief prophecy, –. See also prophecy, concepts of religious pluralism, understanding , –. See also religious pluralism struggle to make God’s word highest, –. See also jihad in Islam and Christianity unique truth claims and. See unique truth claims [3.21.248.47] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 01:08 GMT) INDEX 227 Common Word initiative, ,  communal meals with saints in Islam,  communion with God in Christianity, –. See also Eucharist in Islam, – communism, , ,  confessional exclusivity,  Constitution, U.S. faith-based initiatives, , n protection of religious belief by, ,  constitutions of Islamic countries, – conversion of infidels, – Corinthians, second letter to, ,  crucifixion of Jesus Christian understanding of, , ,  Islamic views on, –,  Crusades, ,  Darfur,  Darwinian theory and Biblical belief,  Datz-Winter, Christa,  death as expiation of sins, – Jesus, crucifixion of, –, , ,  jihadism and,  martyrdom in Islam and Christianity , , , , n, n, ,  as penalty in Islam and the U.S., –,  suicide bombings, ,  de-divinization of the state, , n democracy, –, – Christian and Islamist democratic movements, – de-divinization of the state, , n development of Islamism and, – equality, – freedom generally, religious value of, , –, ,  freedom of religion and, – moral norms of religion enforced by state, –, , – protection of religion by,  relationship of state to religion, –, – in religious community,  religious state, concept of, , –,  secularism and, , , , , ,  shari‘a and, –, –, –, n, n, –n tension between religious community and state, – types of government in Muslim world, – Deuteronomy, book of,  Dignitatis humanae,  dignity, human. See human dignity diversity of religion. See religious pluralism Dominus Iesus,  228 INDEX Donatism, n doubt. See religious doubt Egypt apostasy cases in,  democracy and religion in, , , , , n, n human rights issues in, –,  Islamic Group (Jama‘at-i Islami) in,  Nasserism in, ,  veil-wearing by Muslim women in,  England. See United Kingdom equality democracy, Islamic understanding of, – of genders, –, , – Erbakan, Necmettin, – ethics in the face of God, –, – death penalty in Islam and U.S., – development of in early Christianity, , ,  in early Islam, – evil, existence of and struggle with, ,  freedom of expression versus respect for religion, – identity, religion as, – love of God, – nobility of character (makarim alakhlaq ) in Islam, , –, ,  presence of God, ethics as byproduct of living in, – sacrifice and suffering, role of, , , , , – shari‘a and Islamic ethics tradition , –, –, ,  spiritual awareness, relationship between ethical behavior and, – state, role of, –, , – struggle to make God’s word highest. See jihad in Islam and Christianity terroristic/evil behavior caused by spiritual awareness, ,  Eucharist communion with God via,  Protestant Reformation and religious doubt regarding,  Europe. See also specific countries Christian Democracy and European Union, –n Muslims in, –, – witch hunts in, – Evangelical Christianity, –, , , ,  evangelization. See jihad in Islam and Christianity evil, existence of and struggle with, ,  evolutionary theory and religious belief, ,  Ezekiel, book of, ,  face of God. See ethics in the face of God Fadlallah, Muhammad Hussein, , n [3.21.248.47] Project MUSE (2024-04-25 01:08 GMT) INDEX 229 faith-based initiatives in U.S., , n Falwell, Jerry,  Farabi, , , –, , n father...

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