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219 References Aiken, Michael, and Paul E. Mott, ed. 1970. The Structure of Community Power. New York: Random House. Allinder, Rose M., Lynn S. Fuchs, Douglas Fuchs, and Carol L. Hamlett. 1992. Effects of Summer Break on Math and Spelling Performance as a Function of Grade Level. Elementary School Journal 92, no. 4 (March): 451–60. American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council on Measurement in Education. 1999. Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. Washington, D.C.: American Educational Research Association. www.apa.org/pubinfo/testing.html. Anagnostopoulos, Dorothea, and Stacey A. Rutledge. 2003. The New Accountability, Student Failure, and Teachers’ Work in Urban High Schools. Educational Policy 17:291–316. ———. 2007. Making Sense of School Sanctioning Policies in Urban High Schools: Charting the Depth and Drift of School and Classroom Change. Teachers College Record 109, no. 5:1261–1302. Anderson, Steve E. 2003. The School District in Educational Change: A Review of the Literature. ICEC Working Paper 2. Toronto: International Centre for Educational Change. Applebee, Arthur N. 1993. Literature in the Secondary School: Studies of Curriculum and Instruction in the United States. Urbana, Ill.: National Council of Teachers of English. Associated Press. 2005. High School Senior Sworn In as Mayor. www.cnn.com/2005/ POLITICS/11/22/teenmayor.ap/. ———. 2006. Navy Officer Tapped to Head L.A. Schools. October 13. Attleboro Sun Times. 1997. Chicago’s Schools Have Gone Back to Basics. July 13. Austin Independent School District. 2005. City School District Create Two Task Forces to Address Quality of Life of African American and Hispanic Citizens. 220 REFERENCES Press Release, November 22, 2005. www.austinisd.org/newsmedia/releases/ index.phtml?more=0971&lang=. Bachrach, Peter, and Morton Baratz. 1975. Power and Its Two Faces Revisited: A Reply to Geoffrey Debnam. American Political Science Review 69, no. 3:900–4. Baker, Brian. 2006. Stephen Reed: Mayor of Harrisburg. City Mayors. www .citymayors.com/mayors/harrisburg_mayor.html. Baker, William Ernest. 2001. The Limitations of Mayoral Appointing Authority and Their Effects on Quality of Life in Alabama’s Largest Cities. PhD diss., Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Auburn University. Ball, Stephen J., and Richard Bowe. 1992. Subject Departments and the “Implementation ” of the National Curriculum Policy: An Overview of the Issues. Journal of Curriculum Studies 24:97–115. Baltimore Sun. 2004. Timeline of City Schools’ Financial Troubles. April 4. www.baltimoresun.com/news/education/bal-te.md.timeschools04apr04002654, 1,6123692.story?coll=bal-local-utility. Baquir, Reza. 1999. Districts, Spillovers, and Government Overspending. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2192. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Barr, Rebecca, and Robert Dreeben. 1983. How Schools Work. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Berry, Jeffrey M. 1999. The New Liberalism: The Rising Power of Citizen Groups. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Bersin, Alan D. 2005. Making Schools Productive. San Diego Union Tribune, June 5. Bidwell, C. 1965. The School as a Formal Organization. In Handbook of Organziations, ed. J. March. Skokie, Ill.: Rand McNally. Blau, Peter M., and W. Richard Scott. 1962. Formal Organizations: A Comparative Approach. San Francisco: Chandler. Bloomberg, Michael R. 2002. School Reform: Putting Our Kids First. July 10. www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/om/html/2002a/weekly/weekly_061002.html. Blume, Howard. 1999. The Best School Board Money Can Buy. L.A. Weekly, April 7. www.laweekly.com/news/politics/the-best-school-board-money-can-buy/6706. Boyd, W. L. 1983. Rethinking Educational Policy and Management: Political Science and Educational Administration in the 1980’s. American Journal of Education , November, 1–29. 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