Ten Thousand Democracies: Politics and Public Opinion in America's School Districts

Index

Abelson, Robert P., 52 African Americans appointed school boards and, 102–6, 149 descriptive representation and, creation of graphics illustrating, 173–77 disenfranchisement of through at-large elections, 90–94, 149 election to school boards, electoral rules and, 86–88 minority representation after electoral reform, 95–100 minority representation and policy responsiveness, 100–101, 108–9 support for educational spending, 41–43, 51 See also race age the elderly (see elderly citizens) support for educational spending and, 38–41, 51, 131–32, 149–50 aggregation method augmented with demographic data, 163–65 estimation of state-level public opinion by, 53, 59, 163–65 reliability of, 62n.3 Alabama, 39, 69, 115 Alaska, 64, 82n.1 American Federation of Teachers (AFT), 113. See also teachers' unions Antifederalists, xvii Arizona, 1, 51, 140 Arkansas, 140 Arrington, Theodore S., 110n.8 Bafumi, Joseph, 164–65 Banfield, Edward C., 90 Bergstrom, Theodore C., 42 blacks. See African Americans Bledsoe, Timothy, 90, 94, 109, 111n.15 Bowen, Howard, 84n.15 Brace, Paul, 53 Brennan, William, 111n.10 Brokaw, Alan J., 140 Brouillette, Matthew J., 155–56 Bryan, Frank M., 66, 71, 76 Burtless, Gary, 28 Button, James W., 143n.2 California black/white gap in support for educational spending, 51 citizen budget power, absence of, 69 funding inequities in education, Serano decision regarding, 19–20 the generation gap in opinion polls in, 39–40 Los Angeles public school system, 1 Proposition 13 and the Serano decision, 27 Chew, Kenneth S. Y., 42–43 citizen budget power in dependent school districts, policy responsiveness and, 77–79 in independent school districts, policy responsiveness and, 79–80 mechanisms of in school districts, 68–72 policy responsiveness and mechanisms of, 72–77, 80–82 See also direct democracy citizens participation in public school governance, question of, 4–5 policy outcomes and preferences of (see policy responsiveness) types of, 10 See also democracy civil rights movement, the, 4, 88–94 collective bargaining laws, 127n.1 Index Colorado, 115 commitment to/taste for public education housing values and, 57–58 measure of local, 54–56 support for educational spending and, 9, 35, 46–47 consolidation of school districts, 18–21 Constitution of the United States, education not a right guaranteed in, 17 convergent validity, 57–58 Cook, Fay Lomax, 5 criterion validity, 57, 59 culture, state, 48–49 Davidson, Chandler, 88, 91, 93, 110n.8 demand functions for education spending, 62n.1 democracy direct vs. indirect, policy responsiveness and, 63–68 (see also direct democracy) policy responsiveness and, xvii, 2, 156–58 (see also policy responsiveness) in school boards, xvii, 2–4 (see also elections/electoral systems; school boards) See also citizens democratic idealism, 2–4 demographic approach to opinion estimation , 52–53, 59, 162–64 descriptive representation of African Americans, 87–89, 94–102 appointed boards and, 104–6 creation of graphics presenting implications of, 173–77 elected boards and, 107–8 policy responsiveness and, 100–102, 108–9 direct democracy citizen budget power in school districts (see citizen budget power) independent school districts and, 63–64 the initiative, 72–77, 83n.9 the referendum (see referendum, the) town meetings (see town meetings) "wish" for in American political history, 63 discriminant validity, 57, 60 Downes, Thomas A., 33n.9 economic resources, educational spending levels and, 5–6, 18, 146 education, level attained and support for educational spending, 44–45, 51 Elam, Stanley, 32–33 elderly citizens concerns regarding in Pennsylvania, 154 educational policies, influence regarding, 13–15 funding of education, the generation gap and opinions regarding, 38–41, 131–33 the "Gray Peril" hypothesis, 13–14, 128, 139, 142–43 as homeowners, 129–30, 133 long-standing and migrant residents, distinguishing between, 134–35 long-standing and migrant residents, policy impact of the distribution between, 135–39 loyalty to public schools when longstanding residents, 133–34 models regarding, creation of, 183–85 policy responsiveness and, 141–42 property tax relief and support for educational spending, relationship of, 139–41 voting by, disproportionate rates of, 129–30 elections/electoral systems at-large elections, 88–94, 96–99, 101, 109, 147 descriptive representation (see descriptive representation) discriminatory, the quiet revolution against, 88–94 median voter models, use of, 73–77, 84n.15 minority representation after electoral reform, 94–100 policy responsiveness and, 12–13 policy responsiveness of elected school boards, 106–8 Progressive reforms of, 89–91 race and reform of, 86–88 rules for and winners of, policy responsiveness and, 85–86 substantive representation, 87, 100–101, 104 type...