The Franciscan View of the Human Person: Some Central Elements

ENDNOTES

71 The Franciscan View of the Human Person 71 ENDNOTES 1 Daniel C. Maguire, The Moral Choice (Garden City: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1978), 172. 2 Karl Rahner, S.J. “Anthropology,” in Karl Rahner and Herbert Vorgrimler, eds., Theological Dictionary (New York: Herder & Herder, 1965), 25-28. 3 SeeAppendix, p. 67, for the poem, “Tabernacles,” Graziano Marcheschi, Wheat and Weeds and the Wolf of Gubbio: Stories and Prayers for People Who Pray and for People Who Don’t (Kansas City, MO: Sheed and Ward, 1994), 5-7. 4 For more details on this see Duane V. Lapsanski, Evangelical Perfection: An Historical Examination of the Concept in the Early Franciscan Sources (St. Bonaventure, NY: The Franciscan Institute, 1977). Also see Marilyn Hammond, “St. Francis as Struggling Hermeneut,” in Jay M. Hammond, ed., Francis of Assisi: Historiography, Hagiography and Hermeneutics in the Early Documents (Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2004), especially 220-24. See Ingrid J. Peterson, O.S.F., Clare of Assisi: A Biographical Study (Quincy, IL: Franciscan Press, 1993), 212-13 and 322-24. 5 See The Legend of Clare 1:1, in Regis J. Armstrong, O.F.M. Cap., Clare of Assisi: Early Documents, revised and expanded (St. Bonaventure, NY: The Franciscan Institute , 1993), 252-3. (All references to the writings of Clare and her early biographical sources are from this work unless otherwise noted; henceforth indicated as CA:ED.) 6 See Duane V. Lapsanski, The First Franciscans and the Gospel (Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1976), especially 15-61. 7 John of St. Paul had been the papal legate to an Albigensian territory, 12001201 . See Herbert Gründmann, Religiose Bewegüngen in Mittelalter (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1961), 130. 8 See the Earlier Rule, Chapter 23, and the Letter to the Faithful for examples. 9 See Carolyn Walker Bynum, Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion (New York: Zone Books, 1991), 11. 10 Numerous examples of Francis’s experience and teaching concerning the body and asceticism can be found throughout the Franciscan sources. Some of the most interesting for our purposes are: Positive: Francis ate grapes with a sick brother–see “Assisi Compilation,” 53, in Francis of Assisi: Early Documents, Vol. II, ed. Regis J. Armstrong, O.F.M.Cap., J. A. Wayne Hellmann, O.F.M. Conv., William J. Short, O.F.M. (New York: New City Press, 2000), 152. (Henceforth FA:ED plus volume number); Francis held a conversation about his own treatment of his body and at the end of the conversation he apologized to “Brother Body”: see Thomas of Celano, “The Remembrance of the Desire of a Soul,” 210-11, FA:ED, II, 382-38; Francis permitted sick friars to wear soft clothing under their rough habit: see “A Mirror of Perfection,” Sabatier Edition , 1:15, FA:ED, III, 267; Francis warned against excessive abstinence from food: see “A Mirror of Perfection” Sabatier Edition, 27, FA:ED, III, 278-79; Francis gave advice to meet the needs of Brother Body: see “A Mirror of Perfection,” Sabatier Edition, 97, FA:ED, III, 344. Negative: Francis was always concerned that his laxity in bodily discipline would not only harm him spiritually, but it would be a poor example for the friars: see “Assisi Compilation,” 82, in FA:ED, II, 184; see also “A Mirror of Perfection,” 72 Dawn M. Nothwehr, O.S.F. Sabatier Edition, 16, FA:ED, III, 268 and “A Mirror of Perfection,” Lemmens Edition, 39, FA:ED, IIII, 247; Francis, sick and in pouring rain, got off his horse and walked while he prayed the Hours: see “Assisi Compilation,” 120, FA:ED, II, 229; bodily existence was a kind of separation from God, so constant prayer was necessary to remain in God’s presence: see Bonaventure, “The Major Legend of St. Francis ,” 10:1, FA:ED, II, 605; Francis gave a brother the penance to strip naked and ask a poor man he had insulted for forgiveness: see “AMirror of Perfection,” Lemmens Edition, 42, FA:ED, III, 249-50; when Francis ate special food during Lent, he had the brothers lead him naked and with a rope around his neck through the city: see “AMirror of Perfection,” Sabatier Edition, 61, 63, FA:ED, III, 305-07. See also, Marilyn Hammond, “St. Francis as Struggling Hermeneut,” 220-24. For sources on Clare, see Clare of Assisi: Early Documents, 24. 11 All references to Francis’s writings and early biographies are from FA:ED. 12 See also Thomas Aquinas, Summa...