– 217 – INDEX A accountability community service, 148 electronic monitoring, 116 intensive supervision probation, 46 monetary penalties, 134 active electronic monitoring, 105 Administrative Office of the United States Courts, 157 Adult SUMMIT program, 68, 69 aftercare programs, 63, 72–73, 194 Aftershock, 63, 72–73 Alabama, 44, 151 alcohol abuse and treatment. See also substance abuse and treatment boot camps, 60–62 community service, 160 halfway houses, 178 home confinement, 104 intensive supervision probation, 47 Alcoholics Anonymous, 55 Alternative to Incarceration Programs (ATIs), 75 American Bar Association, 144 American Correctional Association, 194–95 apartheid, 98 Arab countries, 125 Arizona community service, 151 day reporting centers, 82 intensive supervision probation, 50–51, 54 monetary penalties, 130 Arkansas, 151 Australia, 99, 125, 151 B back-end diversion programs boot camps, 60, 60, 62–64, 66, 72, 74 day reporting centers, 76, 82– 83 described, 28–31 halfway houses, 174–76, 175 intensive supervision probation, 38, 39, 40–41, 51, 53, 56 net widening, 188 placement of offenders, 31 restitution, 140–42 sentencing guidelines, 29 Note: Page numbers in italics indicate charts and graphs. Page numbers in bold indicate chapters. INDEX – 218 – shock incarceration programs, 64 bail, 112, 114. See also pretrial release Beccaria, Cesare, 109 behavioral change boot camps, 73 day reporting centers, 96 defining and measuring, 17, 20 electronic monitoring, 101 halfway houses, 183–84 intensive supervision probation, 55 monetary penalties, 137 reoffense rates, 193–94 restitution, 146 restrictions on behavior, 5 Berry, Bonnie, 99 bias in sentencing, 26 Bissell, Nicholas, 115 boot camps, 57–74 aftercare provisions, 68–70 background, 22, 57–59 behavioral change, 73 cost effectiveness, 72–73 daily schedules, 65, 65–66 described, 6, 11 military components, 66 net widening, 72, 188 population participating in, 59– 64, 187–88 program characteristics, 65–70 program completion, 70–71 recidivism, 71, 73, 74 research on, 70–73, 187 role in corrections, 21 shock incarceration, 27 treatment and services, 63, 67– 68, 73, 74 Brazil, 150 budgetary issues, 23, 36 Bureau of Justice Assistance, 132, 135, 137 Bureau of Justice Statistics on community service, 150 on day reporting centers, 77 on federal prisoners, 8 on incarcerated population, 5 on intensive supervision probation, 37, 55 on intermediate sanctions population, 13 Bureau of Prisons, 58, 101, 178, 180 C California, 60, 79, 149 Canada, 99, 102, 125, 151 career criminals, 16 caseloads, 35, 42–43, 110. See also crowding in jails and prisons Center for Alternative Sentencing and Employment Services (CASES), 162–63 Central Court Screening Service (CCSS), 163 charitable agencies, 157, 170. See also nonprofit organizations China, 125 chronic offenders, 28 cognitive behavioral treatment, 51 collective incapacitation, 16 Colorado community service, 151 halfway houses, 181–82 intensive supervision probation, 38, 46–47, 50, 53, 55 community correctional centers, 4, 6, 9–11, 12 community release, 10 Community Residential Programs, 176 community service, 148–68 administration, 158–59 background, 148–51 characteristics of, 155–62 cost effectiveness, 19, 166–67 criteria for agencies, 157–58 described, 6, 12 examples, 152, 153, 154, 162– 64, 164 halfway houses, 180 [34.226.141.207] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 12:28 GMT) INDEX – 219 – as incarceration alternative, 153–55 intensive supervision probation, 46 net widening, 166 noncompliance, 165 placement and monitoring offenders, 159–60 popularity of, 4 program completion, 164–65 recidivism, 165–66 research on, 164–67, 187 role in corrections, 21 as sole penalty, 30–31, 153 summarized, 167–68 as supplemental sanction, 153 target populations, 151–55 underdevelopment of programs, 193 work sites, 157–58 Community Service Restitution Coordinators, 158 Community Service Restitution Units, 158 Community Service Sentencing Project (CSSP), 28, 154–56, 159, 159, 160–61, 162–65, 167 Community Supervision and Corrections Departments (CSCDs), 13 compliance measures, 5 Comprehensive Correctional Boot Camp Program, 62 Comprehensive Enforcement Program, 135 Connecticut, 77, 130, 136 conservatism, 26, 58, 111 constitutional issues, 119, 143–44 control measures, 5, 56, 190–91 Cook County Day Reporting Center (CCDRC), 80, 92, 93, 96 Cook County Jail, 83 correctional options, 6 corrections components of, 3–13 key issues, 17–20 measures of effectiveness, 17 state programs, 8–10, 13, 25, 58 summarized, 20–21 theoretical foundations, 14–17 cost effectiveness back-end programs, 188 boot camps, 72–73 community service, 166–67 day reporting centers, 95–96 defining and measuring, 17, 18– 19 electronic monitoring, 101, 107, 114, 116 halfway houses, 183 home confinement, 102–3 intensive supervision probation, 40, 53–55, 56 intermediate sanctions, 21, 189–90 monetary penalties, 137 net widening, 18 restitution, 145 counseling...