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42 EXPLANATION EXPLANATION OF THE LAYOUT Sequence of birds. This guidebook includes the names and narratives of fifty bird species. The sequence of birds follows an imaginary journey from the forest interior towards the margins and adjacent open habitats. The order of the bird species in the illustrated text is the same as the sequence of their recorded names in the tracks of the enclosed CD I. The sequence includes: (1) Birds that inhabit either exclusively or principally the forest interior (name tracks 2-9). All of these species are year round residents, and are endemic to the temperate forests of southwestern South America; that is, they do not inhabit any other place on the planet. Most of these species are difficult to see because they live deep in the foliage or the understory of the forests; however, they can be detected and identified by their characteristic calls. (2) Owls and raptors that can be observed in the forest interior (name tracks 10-14). As with the birds of the previous group, the austral owls inhabit the forests and are principally detected by their calls because they are most active at dusk and night. One of the diurnal birds of prey, Accipiter bicolor chilensis, is included in this section because it represents a unique case of a raptor that is specialized to hunt in the forest interior, silently and skillfully flying among the canopy. (3) Wetland birds, associated with riparian, coastal or bog habitats (name tracks 15-23). When one wanders through the austral forests it is frequent to encounter courses of water, lakes, fjords, channels, rush thickets and other wetland habitats. In these habitats one can observe birds that live in riparian environments located inside or outside of forests. Hence, with the exception of the DarkBellied Cinclodes, none of these species are endemic to the South American temperate forest biome; they have wider geographical distributions within South America, or the Americas, and several of the species of this group of birds are migratory in their habits. (4) Birds of the forest margins, which are observed exclusively or principally along the border of forests and/or in adjacent, open habitats (name tracks 24-42). These species are easier to detect visually given that they are found in open places. They are more generalist in their habitat use, and this group of birds includes both endemic and non-endemic species to the South American temperate forest biome. Among the latter, we find the only migratory bird that completely leaves the biome during winter: the White Crested Elaenia (Elaenia albiceps). (5) Raptors, which are usually seen perched on tall trees or soaring at great altitudes over the austral forests and a wide diversity of adjacent habitat types (name tracks 43-51). They are mostly observed while soaring or flying, because they travel greater distances each day than do the previous groups of birds. Their geographic ranges tend to be extensive, as well. However, many of them depend on forest habitats to nest, perch and feed. Bird names, and stories in the text and in the CDs. The description of each bird species in the text begins with its Yahgan, Mapudungun, Spanish, and English names. This order is repeated throughout the text and CD recordings. For Yahgan and Mapuche names, we only recorded those known or 43 preferred by the Yahgan grandmothers Úrsula and Cristina Calderón, and by the Mapuche poet Lorenzo Aillapan, respectively. The names are followed by a natural history and an ethnoecological narrative of the bird, which is complemented in 27 of the species by a recorded Yahgan or Mapuche story. The texts of the recorded stories on the CDs are indicated by the symbol The recorded Mapuche stories include 16 of the bird species, and are recorded on CD I, and the Yahgan stories are recorded in CD II. They include 10 species, plus one Mapuche and Yahgan story for the Austral Trush. Regarding the transcription of the Mapuche stories into Mapudungun language, these were written in conjunction with Mr. Aillapan, who closely follows the Unified Mapuche Alphabet, proposed by linguist María Catrileo. The Yahgan terms recorded with the grandmothers Úrsula and Cristina Calderón were transcribed as closely as possible to an equivalent in Spanish pronunciation. Using the recordings of this guide, the Yahgan names are being transcribed by linguists to the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The Yahgan and Mapuche names that are taken from bibliographic sources maintain the original format of the source. In the...

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