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notes 1. David Elkind, The Hurried Child: Growing Up Too Fast Too Soon (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1981). 2. Stuart Brown with Christopher Vaughan, Play: How It Shapes the Brain, Opens the Imagination, and Invigorates the Soul (New York: Avery, 2009), 5. 3. Ibid., 42. 4. Geraldine Sealey, “No Sweat When Gym Class Cut,” ABC News, September 30, 2009. 5. Ibid. 6. Philip Sherwell, “New DNA Test Offers Parents Chance to Find Children’s Sports Gene,” The Telegraph, December 6, 2008. 7. Harvey Araton, “Building the Next McEnroe,” New York Times, May 7, 2010. 8. Elkind, Hurried Child, 31. 9. Ibid., 32. 10. Tom Farrey, Game On: The All-American Race to Make Champions of Our Children (New York: ESPN Books, 2008), 95–97. 11. Quoted in Ibid., 98. 12. Quoted in Ibid., 172–73. 13. Dave Ramsey, “The High Cost of Kids’ Sports,” http://www.daveramsey.com/ article/the-high-cost-of-kids-sports, April 12, 2010. 14. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Website. www.nces.ed.gov. 15. Michael Aubrecht, “Jackie Mitchell—The Pride of the Yankees,” Baseball Almanac (November 2003), www.baseball-almanac.com/articles/aubrecht8.shtml. 16. R. Vivian Acosta and Linda Jean Carpenter, “Women in Intercollegiate Sport: A Longitudinal, National Study, Thirty-Five Year Update, 1977–2012,” http://www. acostacarpenter.org/. 17. Ibid. 18. Marlene A. Dixon, Bonnie Tiell, Nancy Lough, Kristi Sweeney, Barbara Osborne, and Jennifer E. Bruening, “The Work/Life Interface in Intercollegiate Athletics: An Examination of Policies, Programs, and Institutional Climate,” Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education 2 (Summer 2008): 137–60. 19. Acosta and Carpenter, “Women in Intercollegiate Sport.” 20. Andrea Adelson, “Women See Slow Progress for Athletic Director Jobs,” Orlando Sentinel, July 9, 2010. 21. Ibid. 22. NCAA Survey, 2008–2009, http://www.ncaapublications. com/p-4022-gender-equity-in-college-coaching-and-administration-perceive. 23. Jay Coakley, Sport in Society: Issues & Controversies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001), 207–8. Notes 206 24. Griffin, Pat, and Helen Carroll, “The Positive Approach: Recognizing, Challenging and Eliminating Negative Recruiting Based On Sexual Orientation,” March 2009, www.nclrights.org/site/DocServer/Final_Negative_Recruiting_FINAL.pdf. 25. Training Rules, Woman Vision Production, 2009. 26. Coakley, Sport in Society, 212. 27. “Transgender Man Kye Allums Playing NCAA Women’s Basketball,” San Diego Voice & Viewpoint, http://sdvoice.info/index1.htm. 28. Kendall Clark, “Defining White Privilege,” http//academic.udayton,edu/race/ whiteness05.htm. 29. University of Tennessee Athletic Department Graduation Rates, October 2011, http://www.govolsxtra.com/news/2011/oct/25/ uts-graduation-success-rate-up-to-76-percent/?partner=RSS. 30. University of Tennessee Graduation Rates, 2011, http://senate.utk.edu/ files/2011/08/retreat-2011-faculty-senate_final-presentation.pdf. 31. Quoted in Mark Schwarz, “Delle Donne Finds Happiness at Delaware,” December 31, 2008, http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/otl/news/story?id=3790359. 32. Quoted in Ibid. 33. Ibid. 34. STOP Sports Injuries website, http://www.stopsportsinjuries.org/. 35. Ibid. 36. Lee Bowman, “Keeping Athletes Safe: Schools Face Shortage of Athletic Trainers ,” Knoxville News Sentinel, September 5, 2010, sec. D. 37. Gina Kolata, “Perks of Cross-Training May End Before Finish Line,” New York Times, August 16, 2011. 38. Elizabeth Arendt and Randall Dick, “Knee Injury Patterns Among Men and Women in Collegiate Basketball and Soccer,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 23 (December 1995): 694–701. 39. Letha Y. Griffin et al., “Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies,” Journal of American Academy of Orthopedic Surgery 8 (May/June 2000): 141–50; Letha Y. Griffin et al., “Understanding and Preventing Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: A Review of the Hunt Valley II Meeting, January 2005,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 34 (September 2006): 1512–32; David E. Gwinn et al., “The Relative Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Men and Women at the United States Naval Academy,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 28 (January 2000): 98–102; T. E. Hewett et al., “Plyometric Training in Female Athletes: Decreased Impact Forces and Increased Hamstring Torques,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 24 (December 1996): 765–73; T. E. Hewett et al., “The Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Incidence of Knee Injury in Female Athletes: A Prospective Study,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 27 (November 1999): 699–706; and Laura J. Huston and Edward M. Wojtys, “Neuromuscular Performance Characteristics in Elite Female Athletes,” American Journal of Sports Medicine 24 (July 1996): 427–36. 40. Edward M. Wojtys et al., “Association between...

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