Notes
Notes Introduction 1. Forrest Davis, “The Toughest Man in Washington,” Saturday Evening Post (September 5, 1942), 60. “Probably no man in the [Roosevelt] administration was more ruthlessly determined to fulfill his assignment than Patterson.” Henry L. Stimson and McGeorge Bundy, On Active Service in Peace and War (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947), 342. 2. It should be noted that Patterson did write formal reports to the Battle Monuments Commission and contributed a detailed critique of Julius Adler’s History of the 306th Infantry Regiment, http://www.longwood.k12.ny.us/history/upton/adler/adler.htm, in addition to writing his own memoir in 1933. 3. For an excellent annotated bibliography of World War I memoirs, see Edward G. Lengel, World War I Memories (Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004). See also Brian Bond, Survivors of a Kind: Memoirs of the Western Front (New York: Continuum, 2008). 4. Keith E. Eiler, Mobilizing America: Robert P. Patterson and the War Effort 1940–1945 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1997), 23. 5. Quoted in Eiler, Mobilizing America, 468. 6. J. Garry Clifford and Samuel R. Spencer Jr., The First Peacetime Draft (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1986), 121–23. 7. “He had known war at very close range in 1918; he was at war from 1940 onward, and he had a fierce hatred of all delay and any compromise; his only test of any measure was whether it would help to win, and for any group or individual who blinked at sacrifice he had only scorn.” Stimson and Bundy, On Active Service, 342. 8. See Richard M. Dalfiume, Desegregation of the Armed Forces (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1969), 150–52. 9. Quoted in Eiler, Mobilizing America, 473–74. 10. The most recent historian of the Meuse-Argonne battle asks: “Did all those Doughboys need to die? The dictates of national pride, politics, and diplomacy said yes. America, [General John J.] Pershing and his countrymen believed, had to prove that she could stand alone and powerful on the world stage. Morality—according to some constructions, at least—also dictated that American soldiers must fight and die in the cause of right and justice . The Doughboys themselves never came up with one definitive answer. Some veterans believed they had fought the good fight. Others said it had all been a terrible waste. For most, it was a little of both.” Edward G. Lengel, To Conquer Hell: The Meuse-Argonne, 1918 (New York: Henry Holt, 2008), 420. 11. Quoted in Peter J. Schifferle, America’s School for War: Fort Leavenworth, Officer Education , and Victory in World War II (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2010), 16. 12. Wardlaw Miles quoted in Richard Slotkin, Lost Battalions: The Great War and the Crisis of American Nationality (New York: Henry Holt, 2005), 497. 13. Quoted in Thomas G. Paterson and others, American Foreign Relations: A History, Volume 2: Since 1895, 7th ed. (Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage, 2010), 134. 14. Quoted in Michael Pearlman, To Make Democracy Safe for America: Patricians and Preparedness in the Progressive Era (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1984), 150. A French 92 Notes to Pages xvi–7 soldier described his first encounter with American troops in 1917: “You could not imagine a more extraordinary gathering than this american [sic] army, there is a bit of everything, Greeks, Italians, Turks, Indians, Spanish, also a sizable number of boches. Truthfully, almost half of the officers have German origins. . . . I asked one son of a Frenchmen if these [American] Germans were coming willingly to fight their brothers and cousins, he squarely answered me: ‘yes!’” Quoted in Nancy Gentile Ford, Americans All: Foreign-Born Soldiers in World War I (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2001), 3. 15. Quoted in Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, 239. 16. Christopher M. Sterba, Good Americans All: Italian and Jewish Immigrants in the First World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), 113. 17. Quoted in John W. Chambers, “Conscripting for Colossus,” in Peter Karsten, ed., The Military in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980), 279. 18. Quoted in Clifford and Spencer, First Peacetime Draft, 18. 19. The ethnic diversity of the AEF was striking. Approximately 18 percent of recruits were foreign born, and 70 percent had lived in the United States for less than ten years. Lengel, To Conquer Hell, 36. 20. Quoted in Pearlman, To Make Democracy Safe, 152. 21. Eiler, Mobilizing America, 23. 22. Ibid. 23. Steven Trout, On the Battlefield of Memory: The First World War and American Remembrance , 1919...
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