The Spanish National Deaf School: Portraits from the Nineteenth Century

Timeline

Timeline of Events at the National School for Deaf-Mutes in Madrid Chronology of Events at the Chronology of Selected National School for Deaf-Mutes Events in Spain 1805 ▪ The Royal School for Deaf-Mutes opens under the auspices of the Economic Society, with Loftus as head teacher. ▪ Prádez begins teaching. 1807 ▪ Napoleon orders the military occupation of Spain. 1808 ▪ Charles IV abdicates; Fernando VII ascends. ▪ Charles IV and Fernando VII resign the crown to Napoleon at Bayonne. ▪ The uprising of May 2 leads to insurrection against the French occupation. 1811 ▪ Loftus resigns and is replaced by Alea. ▪ Prádez and the students move to the San Ildefonso. 1812 ▪ The Constitution of 1812 ▪ Prádez and the students are Cadiz is ratified. relocated the Hospicio. 1813 ▪ After the battle of Vitoria, the French withdraw from Spain. 1814 ▪ The school reopens on 1814 ▪ Fernando VII, El Deseado, the calle del Turco, with returns to power. T. Hernández as director ▪ Fernando VII repudiates and head teacher. the Constitution of 1812. ▪ The liberal leaders of Madrid are arrested. 1820– ▪ The school is placed 1820– ▪ This period is known as the 1823 under the Dirección 1823 Liberal Triennium. General de Estudios. 1820 ▪ Fernando VII is obliged to accept the Constitution. 1821 ▪ Ballesteros joins the school as a student observer. Timeline xxi 1822 ▪ An unsuccessful uprising against the liberal government occurs on the 7th of July. 1823 ▪ The school is entrusted to 1823 ▪ The “100,000 Sons of its spiritual advisor, St. Louis” invade Spain. V. Villanova. ▪ Fernando VII is restored to full power. 1826 ▪ A. Hernández Blancas is named head teacher. 1827 ▪ The school is entrusted to the duke of Hijar. 1833 ▪ Fernando VII dies. ▪ Isabel is proclaimed heir to the throne. ▪ The first Carlist war begins. 1834 ▪ Ballesteros offers to begin 1834 ▪ A cholera epidemic occurs; teaching blind students. friars are killed in Madrid. 1835 ▪ The school is returned to the Economic Society; Ballesteros is appointed associate director. ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille joins the school as a student observer. ▪ The first female day students are admitted. ▪ J. Hernández is hired to teach the deaf girls. 1836 ▪ Ballesteros publishes his Manual de Sordo-mudos. ▪ Prádez dies. 1839 ▪ The first Carlist war ends. 1841 ▪ Ballesteros visits schools for deaf and blind students in France and Belgium. 1842 ▪ The school for blind students is inaugurated. Chronology of Events at the Chronology of Selected National School for Deaf-Mutes Events in Spain 1843 ▪ Isabel II ascends to the throne. 1845 ▪ Ballesteros and F. Fernández Villabrille publish Curso elemental de instruccion de sordo-mudos. 1848 ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille 1848 ▪ A resurgence of Carlism becomes first professor. occurs in Catalonia. ▪ M. Fernández Villabrille is admitted as a teacher trainee. 1849 ▪ The second Carlist war ends. 1851 ▪ Ballesteros and F. Fernández Villabrille publish the Revista de Enseñanza de los Sordo-mudos y de los Ciegos. ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille publishes the Diccionario usual de mímica y dactilología. 1852 ▪ The school is placed under the Ministry of Development . ▪ The school’s name is changed to the National School for Deaf-Mutes and the Blind. ▪ Ballesteros is named director. ▪ Deaf girls and blind girls and boys are admitted as boarders. 1853 ▪ Nebreda joins the school as a teaching assistant. 1855 ▪ Ballesteros tours schools for deaf and blind students in France, Belgium, Germany, and Holland. xxii Timeline 1856 ▪ The school is placed under the Office of Public Instruction. ▪ Ballesteros publishes his Memoria. 1857 ▪ The teacher training class 1857 ▪ The Moyano Law passes. is inaugurated. 1858 ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille visits schools for deaf and blind students in France, Belgium, and Germany. ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille publishes Instrucción popular. 1862 ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille publishes his Memoria. 1864 ▪ F. Fernández Villabrille dies. ▪ M. Fernández Villabrille becomes first professor. 1865 ▪ Cholera forces the school 1865 ▪ A cholera epidemic ravages to close. Madrid. 1866 ▪ The school reopens on the calle de San Mateo. 1867 ▪ Nebreda leaves the National School for Burgos. 1868– ▪ These years are known as the 1874 Revolutionary Sexenio. 1868 ▪ Nebreda succeeds 1868 ▪ The manifesto of Cadiz Ballesteros as director. ushers in the revolution of ▪ Gutiérrez resigns. 1868. ▪ Capo succeeds Gutiérrez. ▪ Isabel II leaves Spain. 1869 ▪ M. Fernández Villabrille 1869 ▪ The Cortes approve the resigns. Constitution of 1869. Timeline xxiii xxiv...