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Index 1 8 7 AACTE. See American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education accommodations, 34, 171. See also ended time; sign language interpretation Bartlett v. New York State Board of Law Examiners, 100–1 College Board list of eligibility, 102–3 defined, 61 difficulties in studying, 49–50 Educational Testing Service, 140, 142 history of, 38 intelligence tests and, 78–79 interpreter preparation and, 118 research questions regarding, 64 strategies when challenged, 104 student age and, 97 technology-based, 62–63 types of, 39, 61–63, 103 ADA. See Americans With Disabilities Act adaptations. See modifications Advanced Placement courses/ exams, 34, 40–41 AERA. See American Educational Research Association AHSSPPE. See Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education Allen, Thomas, 19 alternate test versions, 7–9, 154 alternative-response questions, 67 American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE), 157, 166 American Educational Research Association (AERA), 8–9, 66 American Psychological Association (APA), 66 American Sign Language (ASL) administration of tests and, 102 differences with English, 114 interpretation of exams and, 40–41 linguistic variation and, 111 as primary language, 141, 152, 162 translation software and, 62 Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA), 3, 37, 173, 176 accommodations and, 38 definition of disability, 98–101 goal of, 97 overview of, 97–98 practice tests and, 153 requirements for testing, 101–4 sign language interpreters and, 7 analytical test sections, 142, 145 Anderson, Glenn, 19 APA. See American Psychological Association Army Alpha assessment, 56 assessments. See also certification exams; licensing exams; standardized tests; tests/exams alternative, 7–9, 154 dilemmas in, 9–10 need for equal standards, 4 recommendations for future action, 172–73 suggestions for improving, 171–72 Association of Graduate Schools, 138 Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB), 5, 32, 150–51, 153 Association on Handicapped Student Service Programs in Postsecondary Education (AHSSPPE), 18 ASWB. See Association of Social Work Boards audio communications, 62 aural communications, 62 Babbidge, Homer, Jr., 18 Babbidge report, 18 back-translation, 62–63 Bahan, Ben, 5 Bartlett v. New York State Board of Law Examiners, 100–1 bias standardized tests and, 149–50, 161–63 test-level, 81 Bill of Rights, 178 Binet, Alfred, 76 Binet and Simon scale, 76 blind persons/students, 11, 38 Canadian Teacher Federation, 160, 161 CDC. See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for ASL Literacy, 162 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 94 certification exams. See also Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist examination; licensing exams inadequacies of, 177–78 negative impact of, 176 suggestions for success in, 134–35 test language and, 176–77 188 Index Certified Park and Recreation Professional examination, 126 Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS), 125–27, 136 Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist examination impact on deaf test-takers, 126–30 percent who pass, 136 problems with, 130–34 suggestions for success in, 134–35 Children’s Health Act, 94 Civil Rights movement, 175 Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education, 66 College Board, 11, 38, 40–41, 102–3 college-entrance examinations. See Scholastic Aptitude Test colloquial English, 6 Committee for Handicapped People, 38 Committee on Assessment and Teacher Quality, 159–61 Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI), 77, 83 computer-based testing, 131 Conference of Milan (1880), 175 confirmatory factor analysis, 81–82 constructed-response questions, 71–73 construct-irrelevant variance, 80 constructs, 76 construct validity, 81–82 content area experts, 32 content validity, 58, 80 contexts, inadequate, 6 core profiles, 82 Council for Exceptional Children, 4 Council of Graduate Schools, 138 counseling license examinations, 29–30 CPRP examination. See Certified Park and Recreation Professional examination Crammatte, Alan B., 174–75 criterion validity, 80–81 CTONI. See Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence CTRS. See Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist deaf education, progress in, 19–20 “Deaf President Now!” movement, 175–76, 178–79 deaf teachers. See also state teacher licensing exams in nineteenth-century deaf schools, 44 No Child Left Behind Act and, 157–58, 165–66 Declaration of Independence, 178 dependent clauses, 7 detractor items, 32 differential easiness, 15 differential item functioning, 44–50, 82–83 disability, legally defined, 98–101 Disability Policy Team (ETS), 38 disabled persons/students performance on state tests, 3–4 problems in classifying, 50 discrimination, legal prohibitions, 97–98 distracters, 71 double negatives, 70 dyslexia, 100–1 Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI), 94 early identification, 94–97 early intervention, 94–97 easiness, differential, 15 EDHH. See Praxis II Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students Educational Testing Service (ETS), 4–5 accommodations and, 39–42...

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